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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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agrammatic aphasia
a-grammatic a-pha-sia |
Difficulty producing and/or understanding the structure of sentences
Found in brain-damaged patients who may speak using only content words, leaving out function words such as THE and A. |
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alexia
alex-ia |
neurological syndrome in which there is a disruption in ability to read.
Acquired Alexia- results from neurological disturbance such as a stroke, usually including occipitoparietal region of the left hemisphere dyslexia- refers to problems in reading apparent during childhood development. Developmental dyslexia- indicate that reading is abnormal, either from a neurological disturbance as a part of development. |
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aphasia
a-pha-sia |
a language deficit following brain damage or disease
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anomia
an-o-mia |
type of APHASIA in which person has difficulty generating words used to label things in the world
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apraxia
a-pra-xia |
neurological syndrome characterized by loss of skilled or purposeful movement that cannot be attributed to weakness or an inability to innervate the muscles. Result from lesions of the cerebral cortex, usually in the left hemisphere.
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Apraxia of Speech
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difficulty pronouncing words
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arcuate fasciculus
ar-cu-ate fas-cicu-lus |
a white matter tract that connects the posterior temporal region with the frontal brain regions and is believed to transmit language-related information between the posterior and anterior brain regions
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Broca's aphasia
Broca's a-pha-sia |
the oldest and perhaps best-studied form of aphasia, characterized by speech difficulties in the absence of severe comprehension problems. However, Broca's aphasics may also suffer from problems in fully comprehending grammatically complex sentences
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Broca's area
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an area located in the left hemisphere of the frontal cortex that is important to language production
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conduction aphasia
conduction a-pha-sia |
a form of aphasia that is considered a disconnection syndrome. It may occur when the arcuate fasciculus, the pathway from Wernicke's area to Broca's area, is damaged, thereby disconnecting the posterior and anterior language areas
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dysarthria
dy-sarth-ria |
difficulty saying words
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global aphasia
global a-pha-sia |
a severe form of aphasia in which the patient has profound difficulty in both the comprehension of language and production of speech
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lexical access
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the process by which perceptual inputs activate word information in the mental lexicon, including semantic and syntactic information about the word
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lexical integration
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the function of words being integrated into a full sentence, discourse, or large current context to discern the message
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lexical selection
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the process of selecting from a collection of representations the activated word that best matches the sensory input
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mental lexicon
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a mental store of information about words, including semantic information (meanings of words), syntactic information (rules for using the words), and the details of word forms (spelling and sound patterns)
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morpheme
morph-eme |
morphemes are the smallest grammatical units of language that carry bits of meaning. they may or may not be whole words; for example, dog, spit, un-, and -ly are morphemes
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N400 response
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also simply 'the N400'; a negative-polarity event-related potential that is elicited by words, and that is larger in amplitude for words that do not fit well into the sentence context.
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P600 response
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also syntactic positive shift. A positive polarity event-related potential elicited when words violate syntactic rules in sentences.
remember syntax- is the arrangement of words in a phrase/sentence |
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phoneme
phon-eme |
the smallest perceived units of sound in a language, of which, for example, there are 40 in the English language
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phonology
phon-ology |
the way sounds of a language are organized to create meaning
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semantic
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the way that meaning is represented in the words of a language
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semantic paraphasia
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the production of a word related in meaning to the intended word (e.g. horse for cow) instead of the intended word itself. Wernicke's aphasia patients often produce semantic paraphasias.
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Sylvian (lateral) fissure
syl-vian |
also lateral fissure; a large fissure (sulcus) on the lateral surface of the cerebral cortex first described by the anatomist Franciscus Sylvius. The Sylvian fissure separates the frontal cortex from the temporal lobe below
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syntactic parsing
syn-tactic parsing |
the assignment of a syntactic structure to a word in a sentence (eg this word is the object of the sentence, and this word is the action)
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syntax
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the rules that constrain word combinations and sequences in a sentence.
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Wernicke's aphasia
wer-nicke's a-pha-sia |
a language deficit usually caused by brain lesions in the posterior parts of the left hemisphere, resulting in comprehension deficits.
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Wernicke's area
wer-nicke's area |
Area of human left posterior superior temporal gyrus: Identified by Carl Wernicke in the 19th century.
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