Chapter 11

Front 1

Economic system

Back 1

A socially created institution that coordinates human activity in the effort to produce, distribute and consume goods and services.

Front 2

Goods

Back 2

Any product that is extracted from the earth manufactured, or grown, such as food, clothing, petroleum, natural gas, automobiles, coal, computers, and son on. pg 274

Front 3

services

Back 3

Activities performed for others that result in no tangible product, such as entertainment, transportation, financial advice, medical care, spiritual counseling, and education.

Front 4

surplus wealth

Back 4

Wealth beyond what is needed to meet basic human needs, such as food and shelter.

Front 5

Domestication

Back 5

The process by which plants and animals were brought under human control.

Front 6

Colonization

Back 6

A form of domination in which a foreign power imposes its political, economic, social, and cultural institutions on an indigenous population to control their labor, resources and markets.

Front 7

Postindustrial society

Back 7

A society that is dominated by intellectual technologies of telecommunications and computers not just "large computers but computers on a chip." These intellectual technologies have had a revolutionary effect on virtually every aspect of social life.

Front 8

capitalism

Back 8

An economic system in which the raw materials and the means of producing and distributing goods and services remain privately owned.

Front 9

socialism

Back 9

An economic system in which raw materials and the means of producing and distributing goods and services are collectively owned.

Front 10

Welfare state

Back 10

A term that applies to an economic system that is a hybrid of capitalism and socialism.

Front 11

primary sector

Back 11

Economic activities that generate or extract raw materials from the natural environment.

Front 12

Secondary sector

Back 12

Economic activities that transform raw materials from the primary sector into manufactured goods.

Front 13

Tertiary sector

Back 13

Economic activities related to delivering services such as health care or entertainment and those activities related to creating and distributing information.

Front 14

Political system

Back 14

A socially created institution that regulates the use of and access to power that is essential to articulating and realizing individual, local, regional, national, international, or global interests and agendas.

Front 15

Authority

Back 15

Legitimate power in which people believe that the differences in power are just and proper that is, people view a leader as being entitled to give orders.

Front 16

Traditional authority

Back 16

A type of authority that relies on the sanctity of time honored norms that govern the selection of someone to a powerful position and that specify responsibilities and appropriate conduct for the individual selected.

Front 17

legal rational authoritye

Back 17

A type of authority that rests on a system of impersonal rules that formally specifies the qualifications for occupying a powerful position.

Front 18

Charismatic authority

Back 18

A type of authority that drives from the exceptional and exemplary qualities of the person who issues the commands.

Front 19

government

Back 19

The organizational structure that directs and coordinates people's involvement in the political activities of a country or other territory (city, county, state) within that country.

Front 20

democracy

Back 20

A system of government in which power is vested in the citizen or the people, and in which the citizenry participates directly or indirectly in making decisions.

Front 21

totalitariansim

Back 21

A system of government characterized by a single ruling party led by a dictator, an unchallenged official ideology that defines a vision of the perfect society and the means to achieve that vision, a system of social control that suppresses dissent and oppositions, centralized control over the media and the economy

Front 22

authoritarian government

Back 22

a system of government in which there is no separation of power and single person (dictator), group (family, military, single party), or social class holds all power.

Front 23

theocracy

Back 23

A form of government in which political authority rests in the hands of religious leaders or a theologically trained elite. Under this system, there is no separation of church and state.

Front 24

laws

Back 24

formal rules that mandate people to behave in specified ways or to refrain from behaving in some specified ways. Laws are created by those in power and enforced by regulatory institutions such as police, military or other bodies.

Front 25

power elite

Back 25

Those few people who occupy such lofty positions in the social structure of leading institutions that their decisions have consequences affecting millions, even billions of people worldwide.

Front 26

pluralist models of power

Back 26

a view that sees politics as a plurality of special interest groups competing, compromising, forming alliances, and negotiating with each other for power.

Front 27

527 gourp

Back 27

a tax-exempt advocacy organization that seeks to influence federal elections by running issue related advertisements criticizing the record of a candidate or by mobilizing voters to register and vote.

Front 28

empire

Back 28

A group of countries under the direct or indirect control of a foreign power or government, which shapes their political economic, and cultural development.

Front 29

imperialistic power

Back 29

a political entity that exerts control and influence over foreign entities either through military force or through political policies and economic pressure.

Front 30

hegemony

Back 30

a process by which a power maintains its dominance over foreign entities.

Front 31

militaristic power

Back 31

one that believes military strength, and the willingness to use it, is the source of national and even global security.

Front 32

core concept 1

Back 32

the ongoing agricultural, industrial, and information revolutions have profoundly shaped the world's economic systems.

Front 33

core concept 2

Back 33

the world's economic systems fall along a continuum whose endpoints are capitalism and socialism in most pure forms.

Front 34

Core concept 3

Back 34

capitalists' responses to economic downturns and stagnation have driven a 500 year plus economic expansion, which has facilitated interconnections between local, regional and national economies.

Front 35

core concept 4

Back 35

the United States qualifies as a core economy; India represents an example of a semi peripheral economy

Front 36

core concept 5

Back 36

when people believe that people differences are legitimate, those with power posses authority.

Front 37

core concept 6

Back 37

Government is an organizational structure that directs and coordinates human activities in the name of a country or some other territory, such as a city, county or state. That structure may be democratic, authoritarian, totalitarian, or theocratic.

Front 38

core concept 7

Back 38

there are two major models of power; the power elite and pluralistic models. The two models help us to evaluate whether an elite few hold the power in society or whether power is dispersed among competing interest groups.

Front 39

core concept 8

Back 39

empire, imperialism, hegemony, and militarism are concepts that apply to political entities such as governments that can exercise there will over other political entities.