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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Motivation
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The influences that account for the initiation,direction,intensity,and persistence of behavior
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Motive
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A reason or purpose for behavior
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Instinct Doctrine
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A view that explains human behavior as motivated by automatic, involuntary, and unlearned responses
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Instinctive Behaviors
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Innate, automatic dispositions toward responding in a particular way when confronted with a specific stimulus
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Homeostasis
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The tendency for organisms to keep their physiological systems at a stable,steady level by constantly adjusting themselves in response to change
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Drive Reduction Theory
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A theory of motivation stating that motivation arises from imbalances in homeostasis
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Drive
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A psychological state of arousal created by an imbalance in homeostasis that prompts an organism to take action to restore the balance and reduce the drive
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Primary drives
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Drives that arise from basic biological needs
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Secondary drives
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Drives that arise through learning and can be as motivating as primary drives
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Physiological arousal
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A general level of activation that is reflected in several physiological systems
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Arousal theory
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A theory of motivation stating that people are motivated to behave in ways that maintain what is for them an optimal level of arousal
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Incentive theory
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A theory of motivation stating that behavior is directed toward attaining desirable stimuli and avoiding unwanted stimuli
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Hunger
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The general state of wanting to eat
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Satiation
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The satisfaction of a need such as hunger
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Satiety
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The condition of no longer wanting to eat
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Obesity
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A condition which a person is severely overweight, as measured by a body mass index greater than 30
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Anorexia nervosa
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An eating disorder characterized by self-starvation and dramatic weight loss
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Bulimia
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An eating disorder that involves eating massive amount of food and then eliminating the food by self-induced vomiting or the use of strong laxatives
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Sexual Arousal
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Physiological responses that arise from sexual contact or erotic thoughts
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Sexual Response Cycle
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The pattern of physiological arousal during and after sexual activity
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Sex hormones
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Chemicals in the blood of males and females that have both organizational and activational effects on sexual behavior
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Estrogens
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Sex hormones that circulate in the bloodstream of both female and male; more estrogens circulate in women that in men
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Progestational hormones
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Sex hormones that circulate in the bloodstream of both males and females also know as progestins, circulate in women more than in men
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Androgens
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Sex hormones that circulate in the bloodstream of both males and females;more androgens circulate in men than in females
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Sexual Orientation
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The nature of a person's enduring emotional, romantic, or sexual attraction to others
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Heterosexuality
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Sexual motivation that is focused on members of the other sex
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Homosexuality
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Sexual motivation that is focused ore on the members of one's own sex.
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Bisexuality
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Sexual motivation that is focused on members of both sexes
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Achievement Motivation
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The degree to which a person establishes specific goals, care about meeting those goals, and experiences feelings of satisfaction by doing so
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Well-being
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A combination of a cognitive judgement of satisfaction with life, the frequent experiencing of positive moods and emotions, and the relatively infrequent experiencing of unpleasant moods and emotions;also know as subjective well being
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Emotions
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Transitory positive or negative experiences that are felt as happening to the self, are generated in part by cognitive appraisal of a situation, and are accompanied by both learned and innate physical responses
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Sympathetic nervous system
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The subsystem of the autonomic nervous system that usually prepares the organism for vigorous activity
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Parasympathetic nervous system
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The subsystem of the autonomic nervous system that typically influences activity related to the protection, nourishment, and growth of the body
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Fight-Flight reaction
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The physical reaction initiated by the sympathetic nervous system that prepares the body to fight or to run from a threatening situation
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Attribution
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The process of explaining the cause of an event
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Excitation transfer theory
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The theory that physiological arousal stemming from one situation is carried over to an chances emotional experience in and independent situation
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