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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Peripheral nervous system |
All neural tissue outside the CNS delivers sensory info to CNS & carriers motor commands to peripheral tissues Afferent & efferent divisions |
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Afferent division |
"To bring to" Sensory PNS receptors brings sensory info to CNS |
PNS DIVISION |
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Efferent Division |
"To bring out" Motor PNS carried motor commands from CNS to muscles, glands,& adipose tissue From CNS to PNS effectors Somatic & autonomic |
Part of PNS DIVISION |
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Somatic system SNS |
Voluntary movement Control skeletal/muscle movement Promotes a reflex -involunatary conscious autonomic response |
Part of Efferent division |
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Autonomic system ANS |
Involuntary contractions Visceral motor system Regulates smooth smooth/cardiac muscle,glandular secretions, & adipose tissue Subconscious level Sympathetic & parasympathetic |
Ex. Breathing; heart beat Part of Efferent division |
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Sympathetic division |
Stimulating Ex. Accelerates heart rate Part of ANS |
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Parasympathetic division |
Relaxing Ex. Slows heart rate Part of ANS |
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Synapse |
Specialized site where each neuron communicates with another cell Presynaptic-sends msgs; axon terminal Postsynaptic-receives msgs |
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Neurotransmitter |
Released chemical from presynaptic cells into synaptic cleft Contained in synaptic vesicles |
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Neuromuscular junction |
Synapse bt neuron & muscle cell |
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Neuroglandular junction |
Neuron controls/ regulates activity of secretory (gland) cell |
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Anaxonic neurons |
Small Numerous dendrites No axon Located in brain & special sense organs |
Neuron structural classification |
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Bipolar neuron |
Rare neurons Occur in special sense organs Small 2 processes Relay info about sight, smell,or hearing from receptor cells to neurons |
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Unipolar neurons |
Pseudounipolar neuron Dendrites & axons are continuous (fused) Mostly sensory neurons |
Tips of toes ➡️ spinal cord |
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Multipolar neurons |
2 or more dendrites Single axon Most common neuron in CNS
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Ex. Motor neurons Motor commands from spinal cord ➡️small muscles |
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Sensory neurons |
Afferent neurons Deliver info from sensory receptors to CNS Location: sensory ganglia Mostly unipolar Somatic sensory:external Visceral sensory:internal conditions 3 categories |
Interoceptors Exteroceptors Proprioceptors |
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Motor neurons |
Efferent neurons Carry instructions from CNS to peripheral effectors in peripheral tissue, organ& organ system Divided into 2 systems |
Somatic Visceral |
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Interneurons |
Located bt sensory & motor neurons Association neurons 20 billion or more Mostly located in the brain/spinal cord or autonomic ganglia Distribute sensory info & coordinate motor activity More complex=more neurons |
Memory, planning, & learning |
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Ependymal cell |
Line central canal & ventricles Assist in producing circulation, monitoring cerebrospinal fluid Forms simple cuboidal epipth Or ependyma |
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Astrocyte |
Largest; most numerous neuroglia in CNS Functions: Maintains blood-brain barrier Provide structural support; regulate ion, nutrient,& dissolved gas concen. Absorb/recycle neurotransmitter Forms scar tissue |
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Oligodendrocytes |
Smaller cell body Fewer processes contacted with exposed surfaces of neurons Functions: Myelinate CNS axons Provide structural framework |
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Microglia |
Least numerous & smallest neuroglia Phagocytic cells Slender processes Functions: remove cell debris, wastes, pathogens by phagocytosis |
Appears in early embryonic development |
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Satellite cells |
Surrounds neurons cell bodies in ganglia Regulate environment around neurons O2 & CO2 Nutrient & neurotransmitter levels around neurons in ganglia |
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Schwann cells |
Neurilemma cells Forms thick myelin sheath or indented folds of plasma membrane around peripheral axons Participates in repair process after injury |
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