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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are Morals?
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concerned with dealing with right and wrong behavior (conduct) and character
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What are Values?
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involve the worth you assign to an idea or action (they are learned and can be changed)
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What are Ethics?
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a system of standards or moral principles that directs actions as being right or wrong
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Nursing Ethics
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the values and principles governing the nursing practice, conduct and relationships
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Nursing Responsibilities
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focus on ideal behaviors, morality and higher standards
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Nursing -Legal Aspects
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focus on rules, regulations and obligations mandated by law
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NAPNES codes
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National Association of Practical Nurse Educators and Services
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NFLPN codes
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National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses
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When personal ethics conflict with the law...
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... you are obligated to follow the law
(Abortion can refuse to participate, but can't refuse to care for patient post-op.) (Can't refuse to care for pt with HIV) |
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Western Secular Belief System
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Individual autonomy -pt's freedom to choose
Individual rights -pt's rights are limited if they clash with the health professionals. |
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What are the Ethical and legal responsibilities of the nurse?
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Patient advocacy
Accountability Peer reporting |
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What is Patient Advocacy?
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The patient needs to be informed of what you will be doing with him or her (eg. steps of a procedure)
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What is Accountability?
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You are answerable to yourself, to your assigned pt, to the team leader, to the physician, and to your instructor who evaluates your work.
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What is Peer reporting?
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Report peers for behaviors that are potentially harmful to patients.
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What is the Ethics Committee?
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Multidisciplinary team assists with difficult ethical decisions; function is not to solve problems, it is education/consultation, don't make the final decision, just recommendations.
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What is an Ethical Dilemma?
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when scientific info alone does not provide the answer
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What is nonmaleficence?
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Do no harm -the principle of doing the least amount of harm possible to a patient
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Which of the following deal with right or wrong behavior and character?
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Ethics -right and wrong; no judgment
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What is Beneficence?
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Do good, prevent harm, or remove patient from harm -put patient interests first; place the good of patient's before one's own needs
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What is Autonomy?
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Free to choose
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Four steps of autonomous decisions
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Thinking -through all the facts
Deciding -on the basis on an independent thought process Acting -based on a personal decision Undertaking a decision -voluntarily, without pressure from anyone else |
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Patient's right to privacy
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Choose care based on personal beliefs
Accept or reject treatment Avoid needless exposure |
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Personal values may be contrary to medical ethics, therefore...
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... Patient can refuse care for religious, cultural, or personal reasons.
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What is Fidelity?
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Be true; keep promises. Acting in patient's best interests when they are unable to make free choices
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What is justice?
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Fair to all -give patients their due and treat each patient fairly and equally (with dignity and respect)
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Two nurses are discussing a very difficult patient on their floor in a full elevator on the way to lunch. The patient's mother was in the back of the elevator and heard every word. This is an example of.
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breaching fidelity
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Jessica is assigned to a patient named Bill, who is AIDS-positive. She tells her charge nurse that she refuses to take care of the patient. Which is the correct statement?
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She may not refuse to take care of the patient.
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Sherry is having a difficult time with a patient situation. A 2-year-old patient needs a blood transfusion and it has become a life-threatening situation. Her parents are Jehovah's Witnesses and refuse the treatment. What hospital area should get involved in this situation?
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Medical ethics committee
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What is the nurse practice act?
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defines nursing practice and establishes standard for nurses in your state.
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What is Basic Nursing care?
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nursing care that can be performed safely by the LPN
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What is Basic Patient Situation?
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(predictable, no surprise) Patient's clinical condition is predictable, medical and nursing orders are not changing continuously
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What is a Complex nursing Situation?
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(changing) patient's clinical condition is no predictable; medical or nursing orders are likely to involve continuous changes or complex modifications.
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Function of the Board
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decide whether specific activities are within the scope of LPN practice in their state
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Categories of Disciplinary Actions
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Fraud and deceit, criminal activity -murder, negligence, risk to patients because of physical or mental incapacity, violation of NPA, disciplinary action by another board, incompetence, unethical conduct, drug or alcohol use
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What is negligence?
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not doing what another nurse would do in a similar situation.
Malpractice is negligence done by professional and causes injury (below standards of care) It is your conduct, not your intent, which is the issue |
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Unlicensed Assistive Personnel
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ensure safety of patient care is a major concern; unqualified staff is working your license, if they do something wrong, its on you.
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Nursing Standard of Care
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based on what an ordinary, prudent nurse with similar education and nursing experience would do similar circumstances (guideline for good nursing care)
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Common law
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called "judge-made" law because it originates in the courts
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Statutory law
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developed by the legislative branch of the state and the US congress (NPA is statutory law)
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Criminal action
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involves people and society as a whole and relationships between individuals and government
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Civil action
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protects individual rights and results in payment of money to injured person
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What is an Intentional Tort?
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intended to cause harm to the patient (threat or actual physical harm)
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What is an Unintentional Tort?
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an action that is not meant to cause harm to the patient, but does
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What is assault?
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an unjustified attempt or threat to touch someone
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What is battery?
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means to cause physical harm to someone
(refuse medication and you give it to them anyway -right to refuse) |
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Examples of Intentional Tort
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False imprisonment and Use of restraints
Defamation Physical and emotional abuse |
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What is Libel?
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defamation through written communication or pictures
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What is Slander?
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defamation by verbalizing untrue or private information
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Examples of Unintentional Tort
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Negligence
Malpractice (nurse did not intend to injure the patient) |
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What is a Deposition?
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gather information under oath
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What is liability?
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Being responsible for own behavior including negligent
Personal liability -responsible for self Vicarious liability -actions of another (under your license) Institutional liability -facility safeguards |
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Student nurses
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are held accountable for the nursing care they give
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Information that must be revealed
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communicable disease; vaccine-related adverse reactions, criminal acts, equipment-related injuries, when there is clear and present danger, abuse or neglect of patient, incompetence or unprofessional acts
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What is HIPAA?
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patient privacy law
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Who is a legally competent patient?
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18 years or older
pregnant or married woman self-supporting minor competent in the eyes of the law |
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Clinical competency?
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refers to a patient who is able to understand information given by doctors
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Patient's right to consent
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General (implied) Consent -pt assigned admission forms
Informed Consent -must be done by physician Authorized Consent -parents giving consent for child to authorize treatment, cannot give informed consent |
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What is Patient Self-Determination Act?
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amendment to OBRA; requires providers to give patients information about their rights
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What is a Living will?
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legal document that describes the kind of medical treatment a person would want if seriously or terminally ill
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What is Durable Medical Power of Attorney?
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names a health care proxy to make medical decision if the patient is unconscious or unable to make decisions
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What is a DNR?
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do not resuscitate order; does not mean do not treat
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Removal of life support systems...
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...physician must pronounce the patient dead and document this status before nurse turns off ventilator, otherwise it is considered murder
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Physician assisted suicide
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physician provides prescription for patient to administer a lethal dose
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Euthanasia
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physician gives lethal injection to end the patient's life
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Good Samaritan Acts
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Laws that stipulate that a person who renders emergency care in good faith at the scene of an accident is immune from civil liability for his or her action while providing care
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