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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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batholith
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a large mass of igneous rock that forms when magma intruded at depth becoming crystallized and subsequently was exposed by erosion batholiths have a surface exposure greater than 1000 square kilometers
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caldera
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a large depression typically caused by collapse or rejection of the summit area of a volcano
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cinder cone
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a small volcano built primarily of pyroclastic material ejected from a single vent
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composite cone
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a volcano composed of both lava flows and pyroclastic material
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crater
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the depression at the summit of a volcano or that which is produced by a meteorite impact
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decompression melting
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melting due to a drop in confining pressure that occurs as rock Rises
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dike
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a tubular shaped intrusive igneous feature that occurs when magmas injected into fractures in the surrounding rock cutting across pre-existing rock layers
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geothermal gradient
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the gradual increase in temperature with depth in the cross the averages 30 celciousper kilometer in the upper crust
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intraplate volcanism
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igneous activity that occurs within a tectonic plate away from plate boundaries
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pluton
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an intrusive igneous structure that results from the cooling and hardening of magma beneath the surface of the earth
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pyroclastic material
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the volcanic rock ejected during an eruption including ash bombs and blocks
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shield volcano
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a broad gently sloping volcano built from fluid basaltic lavas
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sill
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a tubular igneous body formed when magma is injected along sedimentary bedding surfaces
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vent
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an opening in the surface of the earth through which molten rock and gases released
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viscosity
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a measure of a fluid resistance to flow fart
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