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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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virulent
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disease causing
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transformation
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transfer of genetic material from one cell to another cell or from one organism to another
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bacteriophage
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viruses that infect bacteria
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nucleotide
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in a nucleic-acid chain, a subunit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base
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deoxyribose
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a 5 carbon sugar in a DNA nucleotide
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nitrogenous base
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a base that contains nitrogen and carbon atoms
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purine
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a nitrogenous base that has a double ring of carbon and nitrogen ex. adenine & guanine
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pyrimidine
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a nitrogenous base that has a single ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms ex. cytosine & thymine
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base-pairing rules
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the rules stating that cytosine pairs with guanine and adenine pairs with thymine in DNA and that adenine pairs with uracil in RNA
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complementary base pair
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the nucleotide bases in one strand of DNA or RNA that are paired with those of another strand
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base sequence
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the order of nitrogenous bases on a chain of DNA
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DNA replication
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the process by which DNA is copied in a cell befoe a cell divides by mitosis, meiosis or binary fission
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helicase
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an enzyme that separates the DNA strands
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replication fork
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the Y-shaped region that results when the two strands of DNA separate
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DNA polymerase
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an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of the DNA molecule
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semi-conservative replication
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in each new DNA double helix, one strand is from the original molecule, and one strand is new
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mutation
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a change in the nucleotide sequence of a DNA molecule
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RNA (ribonucleic acid)
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a natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plats a role in protein synthesis
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transcription
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DNA acts as a template for the synthesis or RNA
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translation
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RNA directs the assembly of proteins
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protein synthesis
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forming proteins based on information in DNA and carried out by RNA
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ribose
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a five carbon sugar present in RNA
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messenger RNA
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a single-stranded RNA molecule that carries the instructions from a gene to make a protein
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ribosomal RNA
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an organelle that contains most of the RNA in the cell and that is responsible for ribosome function
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transfer RNA
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a type of RNA that transfers amino acids to the ribosome to make a protein
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RNA polymerase
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an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of RNA on a DNA template
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promoter
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a specific nucleotide sequence of DNA where RNA polymerase binds & initiates transcription
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termination signal
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a specific sequence of nucleotides that marks the end of a gene
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genetic code
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the term for the rules that relate how a sequence of nitrogenous bases in nucleotides corresponds to a particular amino acid
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codon
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a three-nucleotide sequence in mRNA that encodes an amino acid or signifies a start or stop signal
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anticodon
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three nucleotides on the RNA that are complementary to the sequence of a codon in mRNA
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genome
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the complete genetic content of the human
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