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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gene |
Functional unit that controls inherited trait expression that is passed on from one generation to another generation |
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Homologous chromosomes |
One of two paired chromosomes, one from each parent, that carries genes for a specific trait at the same location |
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Gamete |
A haploid sex cell, formed during meiosis, that can combine with another haploid sex cell and produce a diploid fertilized egg |
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Haploid |
A cell with half the number of chromosomes as a diploid cell |
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Fertilization |
The process by which one haploid gamete combines with another haploid gametes |
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Diploid |
Having two copies of each chromosomes |
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Meiosis |
Reduction division process, occurring only in reproductive cells, in which one diploid cell produces four haploid cells are not genetically identical |
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Crossing over |
Is a process during which chromosomal segments are exchanged between pairs of homologous chromosomes |
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Genetics |
The study of genetics which is the science of heredity began with Mendel who is regarded as the father of genetics |
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Allele |
Is defined as an alternative form of a single gene passed from Generation to generation |
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Dominant |
The form of the trait that appeared in the F1 generation |
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Recessive |
The form of the trait that was masked in the F1 generation |
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Homozygous |
An organism with two of the same alleles for a particular trait |
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Heterozygous |
An organism with two different alleles for a particular trait |
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Genotype |
The organisms allele pairs |
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Phenotype |
The observable characteristics or outward expression of an allele pair |
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Law of segregation |
Mendelian law stating that two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis |
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Hybrids |
Heterozygous organisms are called hybrids |
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Law of independent assortment |
Mendelian law stating that a random distribution of alleles occurs during the formation of gametes |
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Genetic recombination |
The new combination of genes produced by crossing over and independent assortment is called genetic recombination |
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Polyploidy |
Having one or more extra sets of all chromosomes which in polyploid plants can often result in greater size and better growth and survival |
