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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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trait
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variation of a particular inherited character
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genetics
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study of heredity
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cross-fertilization
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process by which sperm from one flower's pollen fertilizes the eggs in a flower of a different plant
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hybrid
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offspring of two different true-breeding varieties
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monohybrid cross
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mating of two organisms that differ in only one character
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allele
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alternative form of a gene
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homozygous
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having identical alleles for a gene
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heterozygous
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having different alleles for a gene
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dominant
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descriptive of an allele in a heterozygous individual that appears to be the only one affecting a trait
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recessive
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descriptive of an allele in a heterozygous individual that does not appear to affect a trait
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Punnett square
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diagram showing the probabilities of the possible outcomes of a genetic cross
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phenotype
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observable traits of an organism
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genotype
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genetic makeup of an organism; an organism's combination of alleles
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testcross
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mating of an individual of unknown genotype but dominant phenotype with a homozygous recessive individual
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dihybrid cross
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mating of two organisms that differ in two characters
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intermediate inheritance
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inheritance in which heterozygotes have a phenotype intermediate between the phenotypes of the two homozygotes
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codominance
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inheritance pattern in which a heterozygote expresses the distinct traits of both alleles
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polygenic inheritance
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combined effect of two or more genes on a single character
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chromosome theory of inheritance
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generalization that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis and fertilization accounts for inheritance patterns
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gene locus
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specific location of a gene on a chromosome
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genetic linkage
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tendency for alleles of genes on the same chromosome to be inherited together
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sex-linked gene
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gene located on a sex chromosome
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