Chapter 10 Vocab

Front 1

computer security risk

Back 1

Any event or action that could cause a loss of or damage to computer hardware, software, data, information, or processing capability.

Front 2

computer crime

Back 2

any illegal act involving a computer.

Front 3

cybercrime

Back 3

Online or Internet-based illegal acts.

Front 4

hacker

Back 4

Someone who accesses a computer or network illegally.

Front 5

cracker

Back 5

Someone who accesses a computer or network illegally with the intent of destroying data, stealing information, or other malicious action.

Front 6

script kiddie

Back 6

Someone who accesses a computer or network illegally with the intent of destroying data, stealing information, or other malicious action but does not have the technical skills and knowledge.

Front 7

cyberextortionist

Back 7

Someone who uses e-mail as a vehicle for extortion.

Front 8

corporate spies

Back 8

Used by corporations to break into a computer and steal its data.

Front 9

malware

Back 9

Short for malicious software; programs that act without a user's knowledge and deliberately alter a computer's operations.

Front 10

payload

Back 10

Destructive event or prank a malicious-logic program is intended to deliver.

Front 11

trusted source

Back 11

Company or person a user believes will not send a virus-infected file knowingly.

Front 12

botnet

Back 12

Group of compromised computers connected to a network such as the Internet that are used as part of a network that attacks other networks, usually for nefarious purposes.

Front 13

zombie

Back 13

A compromised computer whose owner is unaware the computer is being controlled remotely by an outsider.

Front 14

DoS attack

Back 14

Assault on a computer or network whose purpose is to disrupt computer access to an Internet service such as the Web or e-mail. Also called denial of service attack.

Front 15

back door

Back 15

Program or set of instructions in a program that allow users to bypass security controls when accessing a program, computer, or network.

Front 16

spoofing

Back 16

Technique intruders use to make their network or Internet transmission appear legitimate to a victim computer or network.

Front 17

unauthorized use

Back 17

Use of a computer or its data for unapproved or possibly illegal activities.

Front 18

unauthorized access

Back 18

use of a computer or network without permission.

Front 19

CAPTCHA

Back 19

Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart; program used by some Web sites to provide further protection for a user's password by verifying that user input is not computer generated.

Front 20

possessed object

Back 20

Any item that a user must carry to gain access to a computer or computer facility.

Front 21

biometric device

Back 21

Device that authenticates a person's identity by translating a personal characteristic into a digital code that then is compared with a digital code stored in a computer verifying a physical or behavioral characteristic.

Front 22

digital forensics

Back 22

The discovery, collection, and analysis of evidence found on computers and networks.

Front 23

hardware theft

Back 23

The act of stealing computer equipment.

Front 24

hardware vandalism

Back 24

The act of defacing or destroying computer equipment.

Front 25

software theft

Back 25

Computer security risk that occurs when someone (1) steals software media, (2) intentionally erases programs, (3) illegally copies a program, or (4) illegally registers and/or activates a program.

Front 26

license agreement

Back 26

An agreement issued by a software manufacturer that gives the user the right to use the software.

Front 27

information privacy

Back 27

Right of individuals and companies to deny or restrict the collection and use of information about them.

Front 28

encryption

Back 28

Process of converting readable data into unreadable characters to prevent unauthorized access.

Front 29

decrypt

Back 29

Process of deciphering encrypted data into a readable form.

Front 30

Lost

Back 30

Accidentally and involuntarily parts with chattel and does not know where to find it.

Lost property goes to finder rather than owner of the premises.

Front 31

encryption key

Back 31

Set of characters that the originator of the encrypted data uses to encrypt the plaintext and the recipient of the data uses to decrypt the ciphertext.

Front 32

plaintext

Back 32

Unencrypted, readable data.

Front 33

ciphertext

Back 33

Encrypted (scrambled) data.

Front 34

digital signature

Back 34

Encrypted code that a person, Web site, or organization attaches to an electronic message to verify the identity of the message sender.

Front 35

digital certificate

Back 35

A notice that guarantees a user or a Web site is legitimate.

Front 36

certificate authority (CA)

Back 36

Authorized person or company that issues and verifies digital certificates.

Front 37

system failure

Back 37

Prolonged malfunction of a computer.

Front 38

surge protector

Back 38

Device that uses special electrical components to smooth out minor noise, provide a stable current flow, and keep an overvoltage from reaching the computer and other electronic equipment.

Front 39

uninterruptible power supply (UPS)

Back 39

Device that contains surge protection circuits and one or more batteries that can provide power during a temporary or permanent loss of power.

Front 40

backup

Back 40

Duplicate or copy of a file, program, or disk that can be used if the original is lost, damaged, or destroyed.

Front 41

restore

Back 41

To copy backed up files by copying them to their original location on the computer.

Front 42

wireless access point(WAP)

Back 42

Location where a wireless device connects to the internet.

Front 43

war driving

Back 43

Intrusion technique in which an individual attempts to detect wireless networks via their notebook computer or mobile device while driving a vehicle through areas they suspect have a wireless network.

Front 44

Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)

Back 44

Security standard that improves on older security standards by authenticating network users and providing more advanced encryption techniques.

Front 45

802.11i

Back 45

Network standard that conforms to government's security standards and uses more sophisticated encryption techniques than WPA. Sometimes called WPA2.

Front 46

repetitive strain injury (RSI)

Back 46

Injury or disorder of the muscles, nerves, tendons, ligaments, and joints.

Front 47

computer vision syndrome

Back 47

Eyestrain due to prolonged computer usage.

Front 48

ergonomics

Back 48

The science of incorporating comfort, efficiency, and safety into the design of the workplace.

Front 49

computer addiction

Back 49

Growing health problem that occurs when the computer consumes someone's entire social life.

Front 50

computer ethics

Back 50

Moral guidelines that govern the use of computers and information systems.

Front 51

National Press Photographers

Back 51

A group that believes allowing even the slightest alteration to a picture would lead to a serious misinterpretation of what it represents.

Front 52

intellectual property rights

Back 52

Rights to which creators are entitled for their work.

Front 53

copyright

Back 53

Exclusive rights given to authors and artists to duplicate, publish, and sell their materials.

Front 54

green computing

Back 54

Computer usage that reduces the electricity and environmental waste involved in using a computer.

Front 55

ENERGY STAR program

Back 55

Program developed by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to help reduce the amount of electricity used by computers and related devices.

Front 56

information privacy

Back 56

Right of individuals and companies to deny or restrict the collection and use of information about them.

Front 57

Electronic Profile

Back 57

A form filled out with personal information used on a specific website and stored in its database.

Front 58

cookie

Back 58

Small text file that a Web server stores on a computer.

Front 59

spyware

Back 59

Program placed on a computer without the user's knowledge that secretly collects information about the user.

Front 60

adware

Back 60

Program that displays an online advertisement in a banner or pop-up window on Web pages, e-mail, or other Internet services.

Front 61

spam

Back 61

Unsolicited e-mail message or newsgroups posting sent to many recipients or newsgroups at once.

Front 62

phishing

Back 62

Scam in which a perpetrator sends an official looking e-mail that attempts to obtain your personal and financial information.

Front 63

pharming

Back 63

Scam, similar to phishing, where a perpetrator attempts to obtain your personal and financial information, except they do so via spoofing.

Front 64

social engineering

Back 64

Gaining unauthorized access or obtaining confidential information by taking advantage of the trusting human nature of some victims and the naivety of others.

Front 65

employee monitoring

Back 65

The use of computers to observe, record, and review an employee's use of a computer, including communications such as e-mail messages, keyboard activity (used to measure productivity), and Web sites visited.

Front 66

content filtering

Back 66

Process of restricting access to certain material on the Web.