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10 Cards in this Set
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what are the classification of fat soluble and water soluble vitamins |
the types of fat-soluble vitamins are vitamin A,D,E and K the types of water-soluble vitamins are vitamin B-group and C . vitamin B-group are vitamin B1,B2,B3,B6,B9,B12 |
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what are the functions of fat-soluble vitamins ? |
functions of vitamin A : - acts as an antioxidant - needed for growth and development of our body - needed to provide resistance to infections - needed to form and maintain healthy skin - needed to form visual purple, a pigment in the retina of the eye which allows us to see in dim light.
vitamin D : - helps the body to absorb calcium and phosphorus, which are needed to form strong bones and teeth - with the help of sunlight, can also produce vitamin D from UV rays and convert to vitamin D
vitamin E : - acts as an antioxidant, which protects our body from free radicals, substances which are produced by the undesirable chemical reactions in our body, which can cause cancer. - helps to maintain healthy nerves and muscles
vitamin K : - needed for normal blood clotting |
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what are the functions for water-soluble vitamins? |
functions of : vitamin B1 : - needed for normal functioning of nerves - important component of enzyme system which helps our body to break down food into energy
vitamin B2 : - responsible for the release of energy from food - needed for the normal growth and development of our body
vitamin B3 : - essential component of the enzyme system which is involved in the release of energy from carbohydrates and fats
vitamin B6 : - needed to produce and break down amino acids, which help support growth and maintenance of body cells and tissues
vitamin B9 : - needed to release energy from amino acids - plays an important role in manufacturing new cells and genetic materials in our body - works together with vitamin B12 and iron to form red blood cells
vitamin B12 : - needed for the normal functioning of nerves -needed for maintenance of the enzyme system in our body - helps in the production of red blood cells
vitamin C: - acts as an antioxidant - helps our body to absorb iron from cereals and dark green vegetables - needed to maintain healthy skin, heal cuts and wounds , and prevent infections - needed for the formation of proteins like collagen ( gives structure to bones, muscles and blood vessels ) |
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what are the sources for fat-soluble vitamins? |
sources of vitamin A : - liver, milk, fish oils, egg yolk and beta-carotene found in red,yellow and orange coloured fruit and vegetables vitamin D : - oily fish, milk, liver, egg yolk, cheese, sunlight vitamin E : - vegetables oils, nuts, liver, whole-grain food, egg yolk vitamin K : - liver, vegetable oils, legumes, green leafy vegetables like spinach and broccoli - also produced by bacteria in large intestine |
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what are the sources of water-soluble vitamins? |
sources of vitamin B1 - meat, cereals , nuts, peas, mushrooms and soya beans vitamin B2 - dairy products like eggs , milk - meat, green leafy vegetables like lettuce, liver and soya beans vitamin B3 - meat, fish, poultry, potatoes , whole-grain food and liver vitamin B6 - whole grain food, meat, fish, poultry, potatoes, liver, fruits like banana and watermelon vitamin B9 - milk, cereals, liver, green leafy vegetables like spinach and broccoli, citrus fruits like oranges and whole grain food vitamin B12 - dairy products, meat, poultry, fish and eggs |
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what are the deficiencies of fat-soluble vitamins? |
deficiencies ( lack of ) of vitamin A - poor growth in children - dry and rough skin - night blindness vitamin D - weak bones and teeth - rickets ( softening and weakening of bones = bowing of legs and stunted growth in children ) - osteomalacia ( softening and weakening of bones in adults ) vitamin E - rare - if severe = rupture of red blood cells ( haemolysis ) , anaemia and nerve disease vitamin K - excessive bleeding of wounds due to blood not able to clot properly |
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what are the deficiencies of water-soluble vitamins? |
deficiencies ( lack of ) of : vitamin B1 - beriberi ( limbs become weak , heart enlarged and swelling of leg occurs ) vitamin B2 - arinoflabinosis ( inflammation of tongue, dry scaly lips, red patches on skin and eyes , and nerve disorder ) vitamin B3 - pellagra ( scaly sores, diarrhoea and loss of memory ) vitamin B6 - numbness in hands and feet - dermatitis - anaemia - convulsion vitamin B9 - anaemia - pregnant women giving birth to premature or low birth weight babies , and babies with spina bifida ( cleft spine ) ( birth defect when have incomplete closure in spinal column ) vitamin B12 - pernicious anaemia ( degeneration of nerves, paralysis and even death - cannot be found in plants , hence vegetarians and vegans need to take B12 supplements |
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what are the deficiencies of water-soluble vitamins? |
deficiencies ( lack of ) of : vitamin B1 - beriberi ( limbs become weak , heart enlarged and swelling of leg occurs ) vitamin B2 - arinoflabinosis ( inflammation of tongue, dry scaly lips, red patches on skin and eyes , and nerve disorder ) vitamin B3 - pellagra ( scaly sores, diarrhoea and loss of memory ) vitamin B6 - numbness in hands and feet - dermatitis - anaemia - convulsion vitamin B9 - anaemia - pregnant women giving birth to premature or low birth weight babies , and babies with spina bifida ( cleft spine ) ( birth defect when have incomplete closure in spinal column ) vitamin B12 - pernicious anaemia ( degeneration of nerves, paralysis and even death - cannot be found in plants , hence vegetarians and vegans need to take B12 supplements vitamin C - poor wound healing - scurvy ( dry and scaly skin, swollen , bleeding gums, mild bruises and painful joints ) |
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what are the toxicity of fat-soluble vitamins? |
toxicity ( too much ) of vitamin A : - fatigue , painful joints, birth defects in babies , nausea , diarrhoea, liver and nervous system damage , hair loss and skin disorders vitamin D - increase level of calcium in blood , causing hypercalcemia ( hardening of arteries and organs like liver and kidneys ) vitamin E - rare - if excessive, decrease absorption of vitamin K in body vitamin K - rare |
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what are the toxicity of water-soluble vitamins ? |
toxicity ( too much ) of : vitamin B1 - none vitamin B2 - none vitamin B3 - flushing of skin, tingling sensation in hands and feet, liver damage, blurred vision and glucose intolerance vitamin B6 - high doses of supplements = nerve damage and skin lesions vitamin B9 - none vitamin B12 - none vitamin C - diarrhoea, nausea, abdominal cramps and formation of kidney stones |
