Chapter 10, The Knee Joint

Front 1

what is the largest joint in the body?

Back 1

the knee

Front 2

the knee joint is primarily what type of joint?

Back 2

hinge joint

Front 3

the medial tibial plateaus bear most of the weight, T/F?

Back 3

true

Front 4

the femoral condyles and the tibial condyles articulate together forming ??

Back 4

plateaus

Front 5

the fibula does not articulate with the femur or patella, T/F?

Back 5

true

Front 6

the fibula is part of the knee joint, T/F?

Back 6

false

Front 7

the fibula serves what purpose?

Back 7

as an attachment for knee joint structures

Front 8

the patella is what kind of bone?

Back 8

sesamoid

Front 9

where is the patella located?

Back 9

it is imbedded between the quads and the patellar tendon

Front 10

there is greater mechanical advantage in knee extension due to an improved angle of pull, T/F?

Back 10

true

Front 11

the IT band attaches where?

Back 11

gerdys tubercle

Front 12

anteriorly, the three vasti muscles of the quads originate on the proximal femur, and insert on the???

Back 12

patellar superior pole

Front 13

ultimatley the three vasti muscles insert where?

Back 13

tibial tuberosity via the patellar tendon

Front 14

anterolateral what inserts and where?

Back 14

the IT band inserts on gerdy's tubercle

Front 15

anteromedial on the knee, what common item lies there?

Back 15

the pes anserine tendon

Front 16

what is the pes anserine?

Back 16

the sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus inserting just below the medial condyle on upper anteromedial tibial surface

Front 17

the popliteus originates where?

Back 17

the lateral aspect of the lateral femoral condyle

Front 18

biceps femoris inserts primarily whrer?

Back 18

the fibular head

Front 19

the semimembranosus inserts posteromedially where?

Back 19

the medial tibial condyle

Front 20

what is the tibiofemoral joint?

Back 20

the knee joint proper

Front 21

the knee joint proper is what kind of joint?

Back 21

a synovial hinge joint

Front 22

what motions does the knee joint proper allow?

Back 22

flexion and extension, and tibial rotation occurs in flexion

Front 23

what is the patellar femoral joint?

Back 23

the gliding nature of the patella on femoral condyles

Front 24

ligaments provide what kind of stability?

Back 24

static

Front 25

quads and hams produce what kind of stability?

Back 25

dynamic

Front 26

what is the medial menisici's anatomy look like?

Back 26

it is larger and has a more "C" appearance

Front 27

the lateral meniscus has what type of anatomy?

Back 27

closed "C" configuration

Front 28

tears in menisci occur due to what?

Back 28

compression and shear forces during rotationwhile flexing and extending during quick directional running changes

Front 29

the ACL and PCL ultimatley do what?

Back 29

maintain anterior and posterior stability, as well as rotary stability

Front 30

the PCL runs from where to where?

Back 30

runs from the distal attachment on posterolateral tibia to proximal attachment on anteromedial femur

Front 31

in weight bearing movements, what stops anterior translation?

Back 31

PCL

Front 32

the ACL runs from where to where?

Back 32

it runs from the distal attachment aspect of the tibial plateau to proximal attachment on posterolateral aspect of lateral femoral condyle

Front 33

the ACL often involves what forces?

Back 33

noncontact rotary forces like hyper extension

Front 34

the superficial aspect of the MCL is where?

Back 34

medial tibia, beneath the pes anserine

Front 35

the MCL is commonly injured, T/F?

Back 35

true

Front 36

which meniscus is the most frequently injured?

Back 36

the medial meniscus

Front 37

why is the medial meniscus the most frequently injured?

Back 37

high ligamentous attachment

Front 38

what is the screw home mechanism?

Back 38

the knee screws home to fully extend due to the shape of medial femoral condyle

Front 39

explain the screw home mechanism?

Back 39

as the knee approaches full extension, the tibia must externally rotate apporximatley 10 degrees to achieve proper alignment of tibial and femoral condyles

Front 40

in full extension is there rotation of the knee?

Back 40

no

Front 41

in full extension, is work reduced on the quads which would normally be required?

Back 41

yes, work is reduced

Front 42

during initial flexion from full extension, the knee does what?

Back 42

it unlocks by the tibia rotating internally, slightly from its externally rotated position

Front 43

in full extension, is work reduced on the quads which would normally be required?

Back 43

yes, work is reduced

Front 44

during initial flexion from full extension, the knee does what?

Back 44

it unlocks by the tibia rotating internally, slightly from its externally rotated position

Front 45

10 degrees of hyperextension is common with the knee. T/F?

Back 45

true

Front 46

10 degrees of hyperextension is common with the knee. T/F?

Back 46

true

Front 47

with bursitis, there is more or less shock absorbency?

Back 47

less

Front 48

in full extension, is work reduced on the quads which would normally be required?

Back 48

yes, work is reduced

Front 49

with internal and external rotation, the knee joint needs to be flexed 20-30 degrees, T/F?

Back 49

true

Front 50

with bursitis, there is more or less shock absorbency?

Back 50

less

Front 51

during initial flexion from full extension, the knee does what?

Back 51

it unlocks by the tibia rotating internally, slightly from its externally rotated position

Front 52

what are the two muscles of the vastus medialis?

Back 52

the longus, and obliquus

Front 53

with internal and external rotation, the knee joint needs to be flexed 20-30 degrees, T/F?

Back 53

true

Front 54

10 degrees of hyperextension is common with the knee. T/F?

Back 54

true

Front 55

the actions of the rectus femoris are what?

Back 55

hip flexion, knee extension, anterior pelvic rotation

Front 56

what are the two muscles of the vastus medialis?

Back 56

the longus, and obliquus

Front 57

with bursitis, there is more or less shock absorbency?

Back 57

less

Front 58

the actions of the rectus femoris are what?

Back 58

hip flexion, knee extension, anterior pelvic rotation

Front 59

the D.A of the rectus femoris is where?

Back 59

the superior aspect of the patella to the tibial tuberosity

Front 60

with internal and external rotation, the knee joint needs to be flexed 20-30 degrees, T/F?

Back 60

true

Front 61

the vastus lateralis does what actions?

Back 61

knee extension

Front 62

the D.A of the rectus femoris is where?

Back 62

the superior aspect of the patella to the tibial tuberosity

Front 63

what are the two muscles of the vastus medialis?

Back 63

the longus, and obliquus

Front 64

the vastus lateralis does what actions?

Back 64

knee extension

Front 65

what is the largest quad?

Back 65

vastus lateralis

Front 66

the actions of the rectus femoris are what?

Back 66

hip flexion, knee extension, anterior pelvic rotation

Front 67

what is the largest quad?

Back 67

vastus lateralis

Front 68

the D.A of the rectus femoris is where?

Back 68

the superior aspect of the patella to the tibial tuberosity

Front 69

in full extension, is work reduced on the quads which would normally be required?

Back 69

yes, work is reduced

Front 70

during initial flexion from full extension, the knee does what?

Back 70

it unlocks by the tibia rotating internally, slightly from its externally rotated position

Front 71

the vastus lateralis does what actions?

Back 71

knee extension

Front 72

what is the largest quad?

Back 72

vastus lateralis

Front 73

10 degrees of hyperextension is common with the knee. T/F?

Back 73

true

Front 74

with bursitis, there is more or less shock absorbency?

Back 74

less

Front 75

with internal and external rotation, the knee joint needs to be flexed 20-30 degrees, T/F?

Back 75

true

Front 76

what are the two muscles of the vastus medialis?

Back 76

the longus, and obliquus

Front 77

in full extension, is work reduced on the quads which would normally be required?

Back 77

yes, work is reduced

Front 78

the actions of the rectus femoris are what?

Back 78

hip flexion, knee extension, anterior pelvic rotation

Front 79

the D.A of the rectus femoris is where?

Back 79

the superior aspect of the patella to the tibial tuberosity

Front 80

during initial flexion from full extension, the knee does what?

Back 80

it unlocks by the tibia rotating internally, slightly from its externally rotated position

Front 81

the vastus lateralis does what actions?

Back 81

knee extension

Front 82

10 degrees of hyperextension is common with the knee. T/F?

Back 82

true

Front 83

with bursitis, there is more or less shock absorbency?

Back 83

less

Front 84

what is the largest quad?

Back 84

vastus lateralis

Front 85

with internal and external rotation, the knee joint needs to be flexed 20-30 degrees, T/F?

Back 85

true

Front 86

what are the two muscles of the vastus medialis?

Back 86

the longus, and obliquus

Front 87

the actions of the rectus femoris are what?

Back 87

hip flexion, knee extension, anterior pelvic rotation

Front 88

the D.A of the rectus femoris is where?

Back 88

the superior aspect of the patella to the tibial tuberosity

Front 89

the vastus lateralis does what actions?

Back 89

knee extension

Front 90

what is the largest quad?

Back 90

vastus lateralis

Front 91

what is the distal attachment for the vastus lateralis?

Back 91

lateral aspect of the patella to the tibial tuberosity

Front 92

what is the ation of the vastus medialis longus?

Back 92

knee extension

Front 93

what is the action of the vastus obliquus muscle?

Back 93

stabilization of the patella

Front 94

there is more of a wider pull with women due to what?

Back 94

wider hips

Front 95

what is the only quad with medial pull?

Back 95

vastus medialis

Front 96

strength and power may be indicated by what?

Back 96

vertical jump

Front 97

what is the Q angle?

Back 97

the central line of pull for entire quadriceps from ASIS to the center of the patella

Front 98

the Q angle for men is usually what?

Back 98

15 degrees or less for men

Front 99

the Q angle for women is what?

Back 99

20 degrees or less

Front 100

the semitendinosus and semimembranosus do what?

Back 100

internal rotation

Front 101

the biceps femoris does what?

Back 101

external rotation

Front 102

when are two joint muscles most effective?

Back 102

when either the proxomal or distal attachment is stabilized to prevent movement in direction of the contracting muscle

Front 103

muscles can exert a greater force when lenghtened as opposed to being shortened, T/F?

Back 103

true

Front 104

what are 2 joint muscles?

Back 104

hams, sartorius, rectus femoris, gracilis, and gastrocnemius

Front 105

what is the pes anserine?

Back 105

the distal tendon of the gracilis, sartorius, and semitendinosus

Front 106

what does the popliteus do?

Back 106

it assists medial hamstrings in knee internal rotation

Front 107

what is stronger, quads or hams?

Back 107

quads

Front 108

hams need to be what percent of quads?

Back 108

75%

Front 109

what are the actions of the popliteus?

Back 109

flexion of the knee, and internal rotation of flexed knee

Front 110

you need more internal rotators than external rotators, T/F?

Back 110

true

Front 111

although not primary knee flexors, what are the other assisting knee flexors?

Back 111

sartorius, gracilis, politeus, and gastrocnemius