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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
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anterior chamber
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Fluid-filled space between the cornea and iris.
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ANATOMIC TERMS
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aqueous humor
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Watery liquid secreted by the ciliary processes that fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye and provides nourishment for the cornea, iris, and lens (humor = fluid).
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ANATOMIC TERMS
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canal of Schlemm
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Duct in the anterior chamber that carries filtered aqueous humor to the veins and bloodstream.
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ANATOMIC TERMS
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choroid
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Vascular layer beneath the sclera that provides nourishment to the outer portion of the retina.
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ANATOMIC TERMS
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ciliary body
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Ring of tissue behind the peripheral iris that is composed of ciliary muscle and ciliary processes.
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ANATOMIC TERMS
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ciliary muscle
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Smooth muscle portion of the ciliary body, which contracts to assist in near vision.
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ANATOMIC TERMS: under ciliary body
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ciliary processes
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Epithelial tissue folds on the inner surface of the ciliary body that secrete aqueous humor.
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ANATOMIC TERMS: under ciliary body
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conjunctiva
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Mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and outer surface of the eyeball.
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ANATOMIC TERMS
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cornea
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Transparent, anterior part of the eyeball covering the iris, pupils, and anterior chamber that functions to refract (bend) light to focus a visual image.
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ANATOMIC TERMS
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eyelid/palpebra
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Movable, protective fold that opens and closes, covering the eye.
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ANATOMIC TERMS
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fovea centralis
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Pinpoint depression in the center of the macula lutea that is the site of sharpest vision (fovea = pit).
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ANATOMIC TERMS
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fundus
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Interior surface of the eyeball, including the retina, optic disk, macula, and posterior pole (curvature at the back of the eye) (fundus = base).
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ANATOMIC TERMS
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glands of Zeis
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Oil glands surrounding the eyelashes.
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ANATOMIC TERMS
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Meibomian glands
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Oil glands located along the rim of the eyelids.
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ANATOMIC TERMS
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iris
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Colored circle; colored part of the eye located behind the cornea that contracts and dilates to regulate light passing through the pupil.
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ANATOMIC TERMS
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lacrimal gland
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Gland located in the upper outer region above the eyeball that secretes tears.
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ANATOMIC TERMS
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lacrimal ducts
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Tubes that carry tears to the lacrimal sac.
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ANATOMIC TERMS
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lacrimal sac
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Structure that collects tears before emptying into the nasolacrimal duct.
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ANATOMIC TERMS
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lens
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Transparent structure behind the pupil that bends and focuses light rays on the retina.
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ANATOMIC TERMS
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lens capsule
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Capsule that encloses the lens.
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ANATOMIC TERMS
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macula lutea/macula
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Central region of the retina; responsible for central vision; yellow pigment provides its color (lutea = yellow).
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ANATOMIC TERMS
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nasolacrimal duct
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Passageway for tears from the lacrimal sac into the nose.
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ANATOMIC TERMS
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optic disk
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Exit site of retinal nerve fibers as well as entrance point for retinal arteries and exit point for retinal veins.
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ANATOMIC TERMS
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optic nerve
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Nerve responsible for carrying impulses for the sense of sight from the retina to the brain.
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ANATOMIC TERMS
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posterior chamber
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Space between the back of the iris and the front of the vitreous chamber; filled with aqueous humor.
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ANATOMIC TERMS
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pupil
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Black, circular opening in the center of the iris through which light passes as it enters the eye.
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ANATOMIC TERMS
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retina
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Innermost layer that perceives and transmits light to the optic nerve.
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ANATOMIC TERMS
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cones
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Cone-shaped cells within the retina that are color sensitive and respond to bright light.
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ANATOMIC TERMS: under retina
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rods
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Rod-shaped cells within the retina that respond to dim light.
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ANATOMIC TERMS: under retina
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sclera
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Tough, fibrous, white outer coat extending from the cornea to the optic nerve.
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ANATOMIC TERMS
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trabecular network
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Mesh-like in the anterior chamber that filters the aqueous humor as it flows into the canal of Schlemm.
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ANATOMIC TERMS
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vitreous
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Jelly-like mass filling the inner chamber between the lens and retina that gives bulk to the eye.
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ANATOMIC TERMS
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asthenopia
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Eyestrain (asthenia = weak condition).
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SYMPTOMATIC TERMS
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blepharospasm
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Involuntary contraction of the muscles surrounding the eye causing uncontrolled blinking and lid squeezing.
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SYMPTOMATIC TERMS
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diplopia
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Double vision.
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SYMPTOMATIC TERMS
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exophthalmos or exophthalmus
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Abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs.
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SYMPTOMATIC TERMS
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lacrimation
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Secretion of tears.
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SYMPTOMATIC TERMS
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nystagmus
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Involuntary, rapid, oscillating movement of the eyeball (nystagmus = a nodding).
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SYMPTOMATIC TERMS
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photophobia
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Extreme sensitivity to, and discomfort from, light.
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SYMPTOMATIC TERMS
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scotoma
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Blind spot in vision (skotos = darkness).
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SYMPTOMATIC TERMS
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refractive errors
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Defects in the bending of light as it enters the eye, causing an improper focus of retina.
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DIAGNOSTIC TERMS
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astigmatism
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Distorted vision caused by an oblong or cylindrical curvature of the lens or cornea that prevents light rays from coming to a single focus on the retina (stigma = point).
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DIAGNOSTIC TERMS: under refractive errors
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hyperopia
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Farsightedness; difficulty seeing close objects when light rays are focused on appoint behind the retina.
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DIAGNOSTIC TERMS: under refractive errors
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myopia
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Nearsightedness; difficulty seeing distant objects when light rays are focused on a point in front of the retina.
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DIAGNOSTIC TERMS: under refractive errors
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presbyopia
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Impaired vision caused by old age or loss of accommodation.
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DIAGNOSTIC TERMS: under refractive errors
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accommodation
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Ability of the eye to adjust focus on near objects.
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DIAGNOSTIC TERMS: under refractive errors; under presbyopia
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amblyopia
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Decreased vision in early life because of a functional defect that can occur as a result of strabismus, refractive errors (when one eye is more nearsighted, farsighted, or astigmatic then the other), or trauma; usually occurs in one eye; also known as lazy eye (ambly/o = dim).
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DIAGNOSTIC TERMS
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aphakia
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Absence of the lens, usually after cataract extraction.
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DIAGNOSTIC TERMS
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blepharitis
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Inflammation of the eyelid.
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DIAGNOSTIC TERMS
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blepharochalasis/dermatochalasis
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Baggy eyelid; overabundance and loss of skin elasticity on the upper eyelid causing a fold of skin to hang down over the edge of the eyelid when the eyes are open (chalasis = a slackening).
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DIAGNOSTIC TERMS
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blepharoptosis/ptosis
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Drooping of the eyelid; usually caused by paralysis.
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DIAGNOSTIC TERMS
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chalazion
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Chronic nodular inflammation of a meibomian gland, usually the result of a blocked duct; commonly presents as a swelling on the upper or lower eyelid (chalaza (Greek word) = hailstone).
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DIAGNOSTIC TERMS
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cataract
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Opaque clouding of the lens causing decreased vision.
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DIAGNOSTIC TERMS
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conjunctivitis
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Pinkeye; inflammation of the conjunctiva.
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DIAGNOSTIC TERMS
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dacryoadenitis
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Inflammation of the lacrimal gland.
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DIAGNOSTIC TERMS
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dacryocystitis
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Inflammation of the tear sac.
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DIAGNOSTIC TERMS
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diabetic retinopathy
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Disease of the retina in diabetics characterized by capillary leakage, bleeding, and new vessel formation (neovascularization) leading to scarring and loss of vision.
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DIAGNOSTIC TERMS
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ectropion
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Outward turning of the rim of the eyelid (tropo = turning).
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DIAGNOSTIC TERMS
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entropion
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Inward turning of the rim of the eyelid.
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DIAGNOSTIC TERMS
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epiphora
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Abnormal overflow of tears caused by blockage of the lacrimal duct (epi = upon; phero = to bear).
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DIAGNOSTIC TERMS
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glaucoma
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Group of diseases of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure that results in damage to the optic nerve, producing defects in vision.
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DIAGNOSTIC TERMS
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hordeolum
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Sty; an acute infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid (hordeum = barley).
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DIAGNOSTIC TERMS
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iritis
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Inflammation of the iris.
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DIAGNOSTIC TERMS
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keratitis
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Inflammation of the cornea.
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DIAGNOSTIC TERMS
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macular degeneration
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Breakdown or thinning of the tissues in the macula, resulting in partial or complete loss of central vision.
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DIAGNOSTIC TERMS
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pseudophakia
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An eye in which the natural lens is replaced with an artificial lens implant (pseudo = false).
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DIAGNOSTIC TERMS
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pterygium
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Fibrous, wing-shaped growth of conjunctival tissue that extends onto the cornea, developing most commonly from prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light.
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DIAGNOSTIC TERMS
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retinal detachment
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Separation of the retina from the underlying epithelium, disrupting vision and resulting in blindness if not repaired surgically.
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DIAGNOSTIC TERMS
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retinitis
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Inflammation of the retina.
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DIAGNOSTIC TERMS
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strabismus/heterotropia
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A condition of eye misalignment caused by intraocular muscle imbalance (strabismus = a squinting; hetero = other).
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DIAGNOSTIC TERMS
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esotropia
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Right or left eye deviates inward, toward nose (eso = inward; tropo = turning).
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DIAGNOSTIC TERMS; under strabismus/heterotropia
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exotropia
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Right or left eye deviates outward, away from nose (exo = out; tropo = turning).
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DIAGNOSTIC TERMS; under strabismus/heterotropia
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scleritits
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Inflammation of the sclera.
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DIAGNOSTIC TERMS
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trichiasis
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Misdirected eyelashes that rub on the conjunctiva or cornea.
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DIAGNOSTIC TERMS
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distance visual acuity
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Measure of the ability to see the details and shape of identifiable objects from a specified distance, usually from 20 feet (6 meters); normal distance visual acuity is 20/20 (6/6).
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DIAGNOSTIC TESTS AND PROCEDURES
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fluorescein angiography
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Visualization and photography of retinal and choroidal vessels made as fluorescein dye, which is injected into a vein, circulates through the eye.
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DIAGNOSTIC TESTS AND PROCEDURES
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ophthalmoscopy
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Use of an ophthalmoscope to view the interior of the eye.
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DIAGNOSTIC TESTS AND PROCEDURES
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slit lamp biomicroscopy
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Use of a tabletop microscope used to examine the eye, especially the cornea, lens, fluids, and membranes.
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DIAGNOSTIC TESTS AND PROCEDURES
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sonography
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Use of high-frequency sound waves to detect pathology within the eye (e.g., foreign bodies and detached retina).
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DIAGNOSTIC TESTS AND PROCEDURES
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tonometry
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Use of a tonometer to measure intraocular pressure, which is elevated in glaucoma.
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DIAGNOSTIC TESTS AND PROCEDURES
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blepharoplasty
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Surgical repair of an eyelid.
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OPERATIVE TERMS
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cataract extraction
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Excision of a cloudy lens from the eye.
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OPERATIVE TERMS
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cryoretinopexy/cryopexy
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Use of intense cold to seal a hole or tear in the retina; used to treat retinal detachment.
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OPERATIVE TERMS
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dacryocystectomy
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Excision of a lacrimal sac.
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OPERATIVE TERMS
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enucleation
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Excision of an eyeball.
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OPERATIVE TERMS
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iridectomy
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Excision of a portion of iris tissue.
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OPERATIVE TERMS
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iridotomy
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Incision into the iris (usually with a laser) to allow drainage of aqueous humor from the posterior to anterior chamber; used to treat a type of glaucoma.
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OPERATIVE TERMS
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keratoplasty
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Corneal transplantation; replacement of a diseased or scarred cornea with a healthy one from a matched donor.
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OPERATIVE TERMS
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laser surgery
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Use of a laser to make incisions or destroy tissues; used to create fluid passages or obliterate tumors, aneurysms, etc.
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OPERATIVE TERMS
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laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)
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A technique using the excimer laser to reshape the surface of the cornea to correct refractive error (e.g., myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism) (smileusis = craving).
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OPERATIVE TERMS
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intraocular lens (IOL) implant
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Implantation of an artificial lens to replace a defective natural lens (e.g., after cataract extraction).
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OPERATIVE TERMS
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phacoemulsification
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Use of ultrasound to shatter and break up a cataract, with aspiration and removal.
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OPERATIVE TERMS
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scleral buckling
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Surgery to treat retinal detachment by placing a band of silicone around sclera to cinch it toward the middle of the eye and relieve pull on the retina; often combined with other techniques to seal retinal tears (e.g., cryoretinopexy).
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OPERATIVE TERMS
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contact lens
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Small, plastic, curved disk with optical correction that fits over the cornea; used to correct refractive errors.
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THERAPEUTIC TERMS
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eye instillation
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Introduction of a medicated solution in the eye, usually administered by a drop (gt) or drops (gtt) in the affected eye or eyes.
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THERAPEUTIC TERMS
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eye irrigation
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Washing of the eye with water or other fluid (e.g., saline).
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THERAPEUTIC TERMS
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antibiotic ophthalmic solution
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Antimicrobial agent in solution; used to treat bacterial infections (e.g., conjunctivitis and corneal ulcers).
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THERAPEUTIC DRUG CLASSIFICATIONS
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cycloplegic
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Agent that paralyzes the ciliary muscle and the powers of accommodation; commonly used in pediatric eye examination.
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THERAPEUTIC DRUG CLASSIFICATIONS
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mydriatic
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Agent that causes dilation of the pupil; used for certain eye examinations.
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THERAPEUTIC DRUG CLASSIFICATIONS
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miotic
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Agent that causes the pupil to contract (mio = less).
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THERAPEUTIC DRUG CLASSIFICATIONS
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