Chapter 10 Terms

Front 1

cerebellar

Back 1

Pertaining to the cerebellum.

Front 2

cerebrospinal fluid

Back 2

Fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord and is located within the ventricles of the brain.

Front 3

cerebral cortex

Back 3

The outer region (gray matter) of the cerebrum.

Front 4

subdural hematoma

Back 4

Collection of blood under the dura mater (outermost layer of the meninges).

Front 5

epidural hematoma

Back 5

Collection of blood above the dura mater.

Front 6

encephalitis

Back 6

Inflammation of the brain.

Front 7

encephalopathy

Back 7

Any disease of the brain.

Front 8

anencephaly

Back 8

Condition of no brain (congenital anomaly).

Front 9

glioblastoma

Back 9

Tumor (malignant) of glial (neuroglial or supportive) cells in the brain.

Front 10

leptomeningeal

Back 10

Pertaining to the pia mater and arachnoid membranes of the meninges.

Front 11

meningeal

Back 11

Pertaining to the meninges.

Front 12

meningioma

Back 12

Tumor of the meninges.

Front 13

myelomeningocele

Back 13

Hernia of the spinal cord and meninges; associated with spina bifida.

Front 14

myoneural

Back 14

Pertaining to muscle and nerve.

Front 15

myelopathy

Back 15

Disease of the spinal cord.

Front 16

poliomyelitis

Back 16

Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord.

Front 17

neuropathy

Back 17

Disease of nerves.

Front 18

polyneuritis

Back 18

Inflammation of many (spinal) nerves, causing paralysis, pain, and wasting of muscles. Guillain-Barré syndrome (sequela of certain viral infections with paresthesias and muscular weakness) is an example.

Front 19

cerebellopontine

Back 19

Pertaining to the cerebellum and the pons.

Front 20

radiculopathy

Back 20

Disease of the spinal nerve roots.

Front 21

radiculitis

Back 21

Inflammation of nerve roots.

Front 22

thalamic

Back 22

Pertaining to the thalamus.

Front 23

intrathecal

Back 23

injection Placement of substances (medications) into the subarachnoid space.

Front 24

vagal

Back 24

Pertaining to the vagus (10th cranial) nerve. Symptoms

Front 25

analgesia

Back 25

Condition of no sensation of pain (usually accompanied by sedation without loss of consciousness).

Front 26

anesthetics

Back 26

Agents that reduce or eliminate sensation.

Front 27

hypalgesia

Back 27

Diminished sensation to pain.

Front 28

neuralgia

Back 28

Nerve pain.

Front 29

cephalgia

Back 29

Headache (head pain).

Front 30

causalgia

Back 30

Burning sensation of pain (in the skin); usually following injury to sensory fibers of a peripheral nerve.

Front 31

comatose

Back 31

In a state of coma (profound unconsciousness from which one cannot be roused; may be due to trauma, disease, or action of ingested toxic substance).

Front 32

anesthesia

Back 32

Condition of no nervous sensation.

Front 33

hyperesthesia

Back 33

Excessive sensitivity to touch, pain, or other sensory stimuli

Front 34

paresthesia

Back 34

An abnormal sensation such as numbness, tingling, or pricking.

Front 35

bradykinesia

Back 35

Slowness of movement.

Front 36

hyperkinesis

Back 36

Condition of excessive movement (muscular activity).

Front 37

dyskinesia

Back 37

Involuntary, spasmodic movements.

Front 38

akinetic

Back 38

Pertaining to without movement.

Front 39

epilepsy

Back 39

Chronic disorder marked by attacks of brain dysfunction due to excessive firing of nervous impulses.

Front 40

narcolepsy

Back 40

Sudden, uncontrollable episodes of sleep (seizures of sleep).

Front 41

dyslexia

Back 41

Disorder of reading, writing, or learning (despite the ability to see and recognize letters)

Front 42

hemiparesis

Back 42

Slight paralysis in either the right or left half of the body.

Front 43

aphasia

Back 43

Condition of inability to speak.

Front 44

hemiplegia

Back 44

Paralysis in half of the body.

Front 45

paraplegia

Back 45

Paralysis in the lower portion of the body.

Front 46

quadriplegia

Back 46

Paralysis of all four limbs of the body.

Front 47

apraxia

Back 47

Inability to carry out familiar purposeful movements (in the absence of paralysis or sensory or motor impairment).

Front 48

neurasthenia

Back 48

Condition of lack of nerve strength; nervous exhaustion and weakness.

Front 49

syncopal

Back 49

Pertaining to syncope (fainting).

Front 50

ataxia

Back 50

No muscular coordination (often caused by cerebellar dysfunction).

Front 51

acetylcholine

Back 51

neurotransmitter chemical released at the end of nerve cells

Front 52

afferent nerve

Back 52

carries messages toward the brain and spinal cord

Front 53

arachnoid memebrane

Back 53

middle layer of the three membranes (meninges) that surround the brain and spinal cord

Front 54

astrocyte

Back 54

type of dial (neuroglial) cell that transports water and salts from capillaries

Front 55

brainstem

Back 55

posterior portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord; includes the pons and medulla oblongata

Front 56

cell body

Back 56

part of the nerve cell that contains the nucleus

Front 57

central nervous system (CNS)

Back 57

the brain and the spinal cord

Front 58

cerebellum

Back 58

posterior part of the brain that coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance

Front 59

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Back 59

circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord

Front 60

cerebrum

Back 60

largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory

Front 61

dendrite

Back 61

microscopic branching fiber of a nerve cell that is the first part to receive nervous impulse

Front 62

ganglion ( plural: ganglia )

Back 62

collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system

Front 63

glial cell (neuroglial cell)

Back 63

supportive and connective cell that does not carry nervous impulses

Front 64

hypothalamus

Back 64

portion of the brain beneath the thalamus; controls sleep, appetite, body temp. and secretions from the pituitary gland

Front 65

medulla oblongata

Back 65

part of the brain just above the spinal cord; controls breathing, heartbeat and the size of blood vessels; nerve fibers cross over here

Front 66

meninges

Back 66

three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord

Front 67

parenchyma

Back 67

essential, distinguishing tissue of any organ or system

Front 68

peripheral nervous system

Back 68

nerves outside the brain and spinal cord: cranial, spinal and autonomic nerves

Front 69

sciatic nerve

Back 69

nerve extending from the base of the spine down the thigh, lower leg and foot

Front 70

stimulus (plural: stimuli)

Back 70

agent of change (light, sound, touch) in the internal or external environment that evokes a response

Front 71

synapse

Back 71

space through which a nervous impulse travels between nerve cells or between nerve and muscle or glandular cells.

Front 72

ventricles of the brain

Back 72

canals in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid.