Chapter 10 Renaissance And Discovery

Front 1

What means "rebirth" in French and was considered by most scholars to be a time of transition from medieval to modern times

Back 1

Renaissance

Front 2

He was considered by some to be Erasmus's theological successor and posted 95 theses against indulgences in 1517

Back 2

Martin Luther

Front 3

True or false:Spain never had more religious toleration than during the rule of Ferdinand and Isabella

Back 3

False

Front 4

The first modern sailors recorded to circumnavigate the globe were?

Back 4

Spanish

Front 5

True or false: Lorenzo the Magnificent ruled Florence in the late fifteenth century.

Back 5

True

Front 6

The War of the Roses lasted from

Back 6

1455 to 1485

Front 7

Cosmo de' __________ was the wealthiest Florentine and a natural statesman.

Back 7

Medici

Front 8

The ability to act decisively and heroically

Back 8

Virtu

Front 9

True or false:Native Americans readily converted to Christianity

Back 9

False

Front 10

Julius came to be known as the "__________ pope," because he brought the Renaissance papacy to a peak of military prowess and diplomatic intrigue.

Back 10

Warrior

Front 11

True or false:Thomas More was excecuted for writing Utopia

Back 11

False

Front 12

Niccolò __________ wrote The Prince in 1513

Back 12

Machiavelli

Front 13

__________ were military brokers through which mercenary armies could be obtained

Back 13

Condottieri

Front 14

The __________ is a large landed estate owned by persons originally born in Spain or persons of Spanish descent born in America

Back 14

Haciendas

Front 15

True or false:The influx of spices and precious metals inflated the price of goods while wages and rent remained well behind the new prices

Back 15

True

Front 16

Who wrote Divine Comedy and Vita Nuova?

Back 16

Dante Alighieri

Front 17

The labor servitude whereby adult male Indians would devote a number of days of labor to Spanish enterprises is known as

Back 17

Repartimiento

Front 18

The use of shading to enhance naturalness in painting and drawing

Back 18

Chiaroscuro

Front 19

Education designed to promote humanist leader of political and cultural life

Back 19

Civic humanism

Front 20

Military brokers who furnished mercenary forces to the Italian states during the Renaissance

Back 20

Condottieri

Front 21

Meaning "conquerors." The Spanish conquerors of the New World

Back 21

Conquistadores

Front 22

The grant by the Spanish to a colonist of the labor of a specific number of Indians for a set period oftime

Back 22

Encomienda

Front 23

The royal tax on salt in France

Back 23

Gabelle

Front 24

The agreement in 1356 to establish a seven-member electoral college of German princes to choose the Holy Roman Emperor

Back 24

Golden Bull

Front 25

The study of the Latin and Greek classics and of the Church Fathers both for their own sake and to promote a rebirth of ancient norms and values

Back 25

Humanism

Front 26

The Roman name for a liberal arts education

Back 26

Humanitas

Front 27

A style of art in the mid to late sixteenth century that permitted artists to express their own "manner" or feelings in contrast to the symmetry and simplicity of the art of the High Renaissance

Back 27

Mannerism

Front 28

Philosophy of Plato that posits preexistent Ideal Forms of which all earthly things are imperfect models

Back 28

Platonism

Front 29

During the Renaissance, a liberal arts program of study that embraced grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history, philosophy, and politics

Back 29

Studiahumanitatis

Front 30

(1492-1503) Corrupt Spanish pope. He was aided militarily and politically by his son Cesare Borgia, who was the hero of The Prince.

Back 30

Alexander VI

Front 31

Medieval Italian poet wrote Inferno and Divine Comedy. Dealt the influence of the afterlife.

Back 31

Dante Alighieri

Front 32

Wrote the Decameron which tells about ambitious merchants, portrays a sensual, and worldly society.

Back 32

Boccaccio

Front 33

One of the leading painters of the Florentine renaissance, developed a highly personal style. The Birth of Venus

Back 33

Botticelli

Front 34

Italian architect, celebrated for work during Florentine Renaissance. He was anti-Gothic. Foundling Hospital in Florence.

Back 34

Brunelleschi

Front 35

Worked in Rome. Painted the Sistine Chapel for Pope Julius II. Sculpted the statue of David.

Back 35

Michelangelo Buonarroti

Front 36

Wrote The Courtier which was about education and manners and had a great influence. It said that an upper class, educated man should know many academic subjects and should be trained in music, dance, and art.

Back 36

Castiglione

Front 37

Artist who made sculptures and religious paintings like the Last Supper.

Back 37

Leonardo Da Vinci

Front 38

r(1469-1492) The Medici’s were a great banking family in Florence in the 15th century. Ruled government of Florence from behind the scene.

Back 38

Lorenzo de Medici

Front 39

Spanish writer. Wrote Don Quixote.

Back 39

Miguel De Cervantes

Front 40

Wrote On the Dignity of Man which stated that man was made in the image of God before the fall and as Christ after the Resurrection. Man is placed in-between beasts and the angels. He also believed that there is no limits to what man can accomplish.

Back 40

Pico Della Mirandola

Front 41

Sculptor. Probably exerted greatest influence of any Florentine artist before Michelangelo. His statues expressed an appreciation of the incredible variety of human nature.

Back 41

Donatello

Front 42

Dutch Humanist and friend of Sir Thomas More. Perhaps the most intellectual man in Europe and widely respected. Believed the problems in the Catholic Church could be fixed; did not suport the idea of a Reformation. Wrote Praise of Folly.

Back 42

Erasmus

Front 43

Headed leading banking, and trading house in l6th century Europe.

Back 43

Jacob Fugger

Front 44

Florentine Painter who led the way in the use of realism.

Back 44

Giotto

Front 45

German Painter noted for his portraits and religious paintings.

Back 45

Hans Holbein the Younger

Front 46

Studied the Latin classics to learn what they reveal about human nature. Emphasized human beings, their achievements, interests, and capabilities.

Back 46

Humanism

Front 47

Individualism stressed personality, uniqueness, genius, and the fullest development of capabilities and talents.

Back 47

Individualism

Front 48

r(1503-1513) Pope - very militaristic. Tore down the old Saint Peter’s Basilica and began work on the present structure in 1506. Sponsored Michaelangelo to paint the Sistine Chapel.

Back 48

Julius II

Front 49

Wrote The Prince which contained a secular method of ruling a country. "End justifies the means."

Back 49

Niccolo Machiavelli

Front 50

The finest representative of early modern skepticism. Created a new genre, the essay.

Back 50

Montaigne

Front 51

Englishman, lawyer, politician, Chancellor for Henry VIII. Wrote Utopia which presented a revolutionary view of society, in which the problems of society were caused by greed. Executed by Henry VIII for not compromising his religious beliefs in 1535.

Back 51

Sir Thomas More

Front 52

Monarchies that took measures to limit the power of the Roman Catholic Church within their countries. The people loved the idea of being the monarch and removed all competition. They were very Machiavellian. Included Henry VII and Henry VIII of England.

Back 52

"New Monarchs"

Front 53

Conspiracy to overthrow the Medici’s. Failed, and Medici retribution was swift and very violent.

Back 53

Pazzi Conspiracy

Front 54

Father of the Renaissance. He believed the first two centuries of the Roman Empire to represent the peak in the development of human civilization.

Back 54

Petrarch

Front 55

French satirical author.Gargantua and Pantagruel.

Back 55

Rabelais

Front 56

A man that is multitalented and is well educated. The example being Michaelangelo.

Back 56

"Renaissance Man"

Front 57

The awakening from the dark ages and the focusing on the Roman’s.

Back 57

Revival of antiquity

Front 58

(1452-1498) Dominican friar who attacked paganism and moral vice of Medici and Alexander VI. Burned at the stake in Florence.

Back 58

Friar Girolamo Savonarola

Front 59

The belief in material things instead of religious things. This was a shift away from Medieval thinking.

Back 59

Secularism

Front 60

On Pleasure, and On the False Donation of Constantine, which challenged the authority of the papacy. Father of modern historical criticism.

Back 60

Lorenzo Valla

Front 61

Everyday language of a specific nation.

Back 61

Vernacular

Front 62

The striving for excellence and being a virtuous person. Humanistic aspect of Renaissance.

Back 62

Virtu

Front 63

1304

Back 63

birth of Petrach

Front 64

1603

Back 64

death of Elizabeth I; end of Tudor dynasty

Front 65

Who said "The end justifies the means"

Back 65

Machiavelli

Front 66

Who said "men can do all things if they will"

Back 66

Alberti

Front 67

Who said "there is no limits to what humans can achieve"

Back 67

Pico della Mirandola

Front 68

What came before the Renaissance?

Back 68

Middle Ages; scholasticism; Thomas Aquinas

Front 69

Causes of the Renaissance

Back 69

Individualism - emphasis on individual and genius
Humanism - sought to understand human nature through studying the classics
Secularism - concern with material world rather than religious Italians focused on greed and money

Front 70

Who wrote On Pleasure; defended materialism

Back 70

De Valla

Front 71

Who wrote Decameron; defended materialism

Back 71

Boccacio

Front 72

Who wrote Book of the Courtier

Back 72

Castiglione

Front 73

Father of the Renaissance

Back 73

Petrarch

Front 74

Last Supper

Back 74

Da Vinci

Front 75

School at Athens

Back 75

Raphael

Front 76

David

Back 76

Michalangelo

Front 77

Dome of the cathedral at Florence

Back 77

Bruneschelli

Front 78

What were the effects of the Renaissance?

Back 78

Art changes in style (see examples)
Literature changes - more secular
Education - used to develop moral behavior
Politics - Machiavelli; the Medicis - power politics
Women - upper school women's right declined

Front 79

Issues of the Northern Renaissance

Back 79

More Christian - social reform based on Christian morals
Wanted to create a better society by mixing education, Christian morality, and classicism

Front 80

In Praise of Folly

Back 80

Erasmus

Front 81

Utopia

Back 81

More

Front 82

Gargantua and Pantagruel

Back 82

Rabelias

Front 83

Don Quixote

Back 83

Cervantes

Front 84

Three artists of the Northern Renaissance

Back 84

Van Eyck
Rembrandt
Hans Holbein

Front 85

Wood cutting

Back 85

Martin Durer

Front 86

The effects on education of the Northern Renaissance

Back 86

Emphasis on education
i.printing press
ii. increase in universities

Front 87

The effects on art and architecture of the Northern Renaissance

Back 87

i. more religious
ii. influenced by classics
Van Eyck; Bosche

Front 88

The effects on politics of the Northern Renaissance

Back 88

New Monarchs - powerful, ruthless, Machiavellian
i. Louis XI - France
ii. Henry VII - England
iii. Ferdinand and Isabella - Spain

Front 89

Another effect of the Northern Renaissance

Back 89

Increase in royal authority and sense of national identity

Front 90

Cueto

Back 90

Cueto

Front 91

Rise of the Dutch West India Company

Back 91

1650

Front 92

Who said "I have come to win gold not to plow the fields like a peasant"

Back 92

Cortez

Front 93

Curiousity of explorers
Henry the Navigator
Improved technology
Gold, God and glory
Empire building

Back 93

Causes of the Exploration

Front 94

What were the issues of the Exploration

Back 94

Spread of Christianity

Front 95

Who made a school for navigators and map-makers

Back 95

Henry the Navigator

Front 96

Who took over the Aztecs?

Back 96

Cortez

Front 97

Who took over the Incas?

Back 97

Pissaro

Front 98

Who was the first European known to have sailed around the Southern tip of Africa?

Back 98

Bartolomeu Dias

Front 99

Who was the commander of the first ships to sail directly from Europe to India?

Back 99

Vasco da Gama

Front 100

Who worked as a cartographer (mapmaker) for England's King Henry VIII, a captain for Spain's King Ferdinand V, explored for England's King Henry VII, and secretly explored for Venice.

Back 100

Sebastian Cabot

Front 101

Who sailed from Spain across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492, landing in the "new world" of the Americas and gaining lasting fame?

Back 101

Christopher Columbus

Front 102

Who completed the first circumnavigation of the Earth?

Back 102

Ferdinand Magellan

Front 103

What was the effects of exploration?

Back 103

Native people enslaved or killed
Influx of gold
International competition

Front 104

Pope Alexander VI set the Line of Demarcation which was a boundary established in 1493 to define Spanish and Portuguese possessions in the Americas, signed by Isabella and Ferdinand of Spain.

Back 104

Treaty of Tordesillas

Front 105

Italian-born navigator explored the coast of New England, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland. Gave England a claim in North America.

Back 105

John Cabot

Front 106

Claimed Brazil for Portugal in 1500. He had intended to follow Da Gama but was blown off course.

Back 106

Pedro Cabra

Front 107

(1394-1460) Prince of Portugal who established an observatory and school of navigation at Sagres and directed voyages that spurred the growth of Portugal's colonial empire.

Back 107

Prince Henry the Navigator

Front 108

(1487-1488) Portuguese, first European to reach the southern tip of Africa in 1488.

Back 108

Bartholomew Diaz

Front 109

Sailed from Portugal and landed in India in 1498.

Back 109

Vasco da Gama

Front 110

English sea captain, robbed Spanish treasure ships; 'singed the king beard'; involved in the armada. The second person to circumnavigate the globe.

Back 110

Sir Francis Drake

Front 111

Ferdinand of Aragon and Isablella of Casille were the monarchs who united Spain in 1469 when they married. Responsible for the success of the reconquista in 1492.

Back 111

King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella

Front 112

Indians were required to work a certain number of days for a land owner, but had their own land to work as well.

Back 112

Encomienda

Front 113

Spanish 'conqueror' or soldier in the New World. They were searching for the 3-G's: gold, God, and glory.

Back 113

Conquistadores

Front 114

1480?-1521) Portuguese-born navigator. Hired by Spain to sail to the Indies in 1519. (The same year HRE Charles V became empreor.) Magellan was killed in the Philippines (1521). One of his ships returned to Spain (1522), thereby completing the first circumnavigation of the globe.

Back 114

Ferdinand Magellan

Front 115

A water route from the Atlantic to the Pacific through northern Canada and along the northern coast of Alaska. Sought by English and French navigators since the 16th century.

Back 115

Northwest Passage

Front 116

English courtier, navigator, colonizer, and writer. A favorite of Elizabeth I, he introduced tobacco and the potato to Europe. Convicted of treason by James I, he was released for another expedition to Guiana and executed after its failure.

Back 116

Sir Walter Raleigh

Front 117

Italian explorer of the Atlantic coast of North America.

Back 117

Giovanni de Verrazano

Front 118

He sailed from Lisbon with a large fleet to capitalize on da Gama’s explorations. Unfortunately he was blown off course, fortunately he landed in Brazil in 1500, thus claiming the land for Portugal.

Back 118

Pedro Alvares Cabral

Front 119

The reason for increased exploration

Back 119

“Gold, God, and glory” .

Front 120

Other reasons for exploration

Back 120

Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile married and united the country and defeated the Moors and the Jews - the reconquista.

Front 121

In 1415 Portuguese took what from the Muslims and opened the door to further exploration.

Back 121

Cuerta

Front 122

Portugal ended what monopoly in Asian trade.

Back 122

Venetian and Muslim monopoly

Front 123

Who crossed the Isthmus of Panama and reached the Pacific Ocean in 1513.

Back 123

Vasco Nuñez de Balboa

Front 124

Who discovered Florida.

Back 124

Ponce de León

Front 125

Spanish explorers created a system of in the New World that mirrored Spanish administration in Spain.

Back 125

Administration

Front 126

Natives were used in what and on plantations often with ruthless brutality.

Back 126

Gold and silver

Front 127

All natives in the New World were declared subjects of Spain and as such what?

Back 127

Taxable

Front 128

What allowed the natives to be used as laborers and required to pay tribute to their lord

Back 128

Encomienda

Front 129

The New World was divided into four viceroys:

Back 129

New Spain - Mexico, California
Peru - Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador
New Granada - Venezuela, Colombia, Panama
La Plata - Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay

Front 130

In 1497 and 1498 Venetian John Cabot sponsored by who?

Back 130

Henry VII of England

Front 131

Because they were unable to find gold or spices the English used the colonies for other purposes:

Back 131

Religious prosecution
Political prosecution
Adventure
Trade

Front 132

The Virginia Company settled where in 1607 and soon started exporting what?

Back 132

Jamestown, tobacco

Front 133

What group of people settled Massachusetts in 1620?

Back 133

Pilgrims

Front 134

Who sailed for France, sailed along the North Atlantic coast, possibly into New York harbor in 1524?

Back 134

Verrazano

Front 135

Who sailed up the St. Lawrence River to Quebec - claimed the area for France?

Back 135

Cartier

Front 136

Who founded Quebec - the first permanent French settlement in the Americas?

Back 136

Samuel de Champlain

Front 137

Who explored the Mississippi Valley?

Back 137

Marquette and Joliet

Front 138

What are the economic effects of Exploration?

Back 138

With inflation the cost of production rose and Spain could not compete on the international market.Spain had expelled many farmers, artisans, and Jews, and was unable to produce enough food so prices rose.
King Philip II paid his debts with silver and so all of Europe started to suffer especially the poor

Front 139

Other effects of the Exploration

Back 139

European diseases wiped out perhaps as many as 75% of the indigenous population.The European diet was changed forever as potatoes, coffee, corn, tomatoes, and tobacco were introduced.
The horse, was introduced to the Americas.

Front 140

What group of people settled Massachusetts in 1620?

Back 140

Pilgrims

Front 141

Who sailed for France, sailed along the North Atlantic coast, possibly into New York harbor in 1524?

Back 141

Verrazano

Front 142

Who sailed up the St. Lawrence River to Quebec - claimed the area for France?

Back 142

Cartier

Front 143

Who founded Quebec - the first permanent French settlement in the Americas?

Back 143

Samuel de Champlain

Front 144

Who explored the Mississippi Valley?

Back 144

Marquette and Joliet

Front 145

What are the economic effects of Exploration?

Back 145

With inflation the cost of production rose and Spain could not compete on the international market.Spain had expelled many farmers, artisans, and Jews, and was unable to produce enough food so prices rose.
King Philip II paid his debts with silver and so all of Europe started to suffer especially the poor

Front 146

Other effects of the Exploration

Back 146

European diseases wiped out perhaps as many as 75% of the indigenous population.The European diet was changed forever as potatoes, coffee, corn, tomatoes, and tobacco were introduced.
The horse, was introduced to the Americas.