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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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4 steps of Data Preparation |
-data validation - editing and coding - data entry - data tabulation |
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Validation |
determines whether a survey's interviews or observations were conducted correctly and are free of fraud or bias |
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curbstoning |
cheating or falsification in the data collection process |
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5 areas of validation |
-fraud -screening -procedure - completeness -courtesy |
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editing |
by reviewing completed interviews from primary research, the researcher can check several areas of concern: - asking the proper questions -accurate recording of answers -correct screening of respondents - complete and accurate recording of open-ended questions |
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Coding |
grouping and assigning values to various responses from the survey instrument -numerical -can be tedious if certain issues are not addressed prior to collecting data |
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4-step process of coding |
-generate a list of as many potential responses as possible -consolidate responses -assign a numerical value as a code - assign a coded value to each response |
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data entry |
tasks involved with the direct input of the coded data into some specified software package - ultimately allows the research analyst to manipulate and transform the raw data into useful information |
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Data entry |
involves: - error detection - missing data - organized data |
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error detection |
identifies errors from the data entry or other sources |
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steps in detecting error |
-determine if the software used will allow the user to perform "error edit routines" - review a printed rep of the entered data - run a tabulation of all survey questions do responses can be examined for completeness and accuracy |
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missing data |
a situation in which respondents do not provide an answer to a question |
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= replace missing value with the value from a similar respondent
= use answers to the other similar questions as a guide in determining the replacement value |
how do you deal with missing data? |
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Data Tabulation |
the counting the number of observations that are classified into certain categories |
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tabulation |
referred to as a frequency count |
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Tabulation |
counting the numbers of responses in categories |
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types of tabulations |
one way tabulation cross tabulation |
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One-Way Tabulation |
categorization of single variables existing in a study - shows responses for a single variable |
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cross tabulation |
simultaneously treating two or more variables in the study |
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cross tabulation |
categorizing the number of respondents who have answered two or more questions consecutively |
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One way tabulation purpose |
determine the amount of nonresponse to individual questions locate mistakes in data entry communicate the results of the research project |
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what to look for in a one-way tabulation |
indications of missing data determining valid percentages summary statistics |
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descriptive statistics |
used to summarize and describe the data obtained from a sample of respondents uses: >>entral tendency >>dispersion |
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graphical illustrations |
next step following development of frequency tables into _________ _______________ |
