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137 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define: acetylcholine
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neurotransmitter chemical released at the synapses of nerve cells
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Define: afferent membrane
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carry messages toward brain and spinal cord (sensory messages)
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Define: arachnoid membrane
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middle layer of 3 meninges surrounding brain and spinal cord
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Define: astrocyte
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type of glial (neurologic) cell that transports water and salts from capillaries
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Define: autonomic nervous system
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nerves controlling involuntary body functions of muscles, glands and internal organs
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Define: axon
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microscopic fiber carrying the nervous impulse along a nerve cell
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Define: blood-brain barrier
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capillaries that selectively let certain substances enter brain tissue and keep other substances out
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Define: brainstem
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lower portion of brain connecting cerebrum with spinal cord.
Pons and medulla oblongata are part of the brainstem |
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Define: cauda equina
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collection of spinal nerves below end of the spinal cord
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Define: cell body
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part of nerve containing the nucleus
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Define: central nervous system CNS
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brain and spinal cord
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Define: cerebellum
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posterior pt of brain coordinating muscle movements and maintains balance
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Define: cerebral cortex
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outer region of cerebrum containing sheets of nerve cells, gray matter of brain
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Define: cerebral spinal fluid CSF
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fluid circulating throughout brain and spinal cord
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Define: cerebrum
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largest pt of brain responsible for voluntary muscle movements; speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory
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Define: cranial nerves
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12 pair of nerves carrying messages to and from the brain
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Define: dendrite
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microscopic branching fiber of nerve cell that is the 1st part to recieve a nerve impulse
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Define: dura mater
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thick, outermost layer of meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord
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Define: efferent nerve
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carrying messages away from the brain and spinal cord, motor nerves
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Define: ependymal cell
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glial cell lining membranes within brain and spinal cord and helps form CSF
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Define: ganglion
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collection of nerve cell bodies in peripheral nervous system PNS
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Define: glial cell/ neuroglial cell
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cell in nervous sys that is supportive and connective in function
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Define: gyrus
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sheet of nerve cells producing a rounded fold on surface of cerebellum; convolution
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Define: hypothalamus
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portion of brain beneath thalamus; controls sleep, appetite, body temp, and secretions from pituitary gland
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Define: medulla oblongata
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just above spinal cord; controls breathing, heartbeat, and size of blood vessels
nerve fibers cross over here |
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Define: meninges
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3 protective membranes surrounding brain and spinal cord
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Define: microglial cell
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phagocytic glial cell removing products from CNS
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Define: motor nerves
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carry messages away from brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs; efferent nerves
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Define: myelin sheath
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white fatty tissue surrounding and insulating axon of nerve cell.
it speeds impulse conduction along axons |
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Define: nerve
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nerve cell carrying impulses throughout body
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Define: neurotransmitter
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chemical messenger, released at end of nerve.
stimulates another cell, any kind of cell |
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Define: oligrodendroglial cell
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glial cell forming myelin sheath
aka oligodendrocyte |
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Define: parasympathetic nerves
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involuntary, autonomic nerves regulating normal funct like heart rate, breathing and muscles of GI tract
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Define: parenchyma
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essential distinguishing tissue of nervous sys, includes brain and spinal cord
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Define: peripheral nervous sys
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nerves outside brain and spinal cord
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Define: pia mater
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thin delicate inner membrane of meninges
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Define: plexus
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large interlacing network of nerves
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Define: pons
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pt of brain anterior to cerebellum and between medulla and rest of mid brain
it's a bridge connecting various pts of brain |
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Define: receptor
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organ receiving a nervous stimulation and passes it to nerves within body
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Define: sciatic nerve
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nerve from base of spine down to foot
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Define: sensory nerves
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carry messages to brain and spinal cord from receptor, afferent nerve
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Define: spinal nerves
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31 pairs of nerves arising from spinal cord.
each spinal nerve affects a particular area of thing skin |
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Define: stimulus
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agent of change in the internal or external environment that evokes a response
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Define: stroma
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connective and supporting tissue of an organ, glial cells are the stromal tissue of the brain
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Define: sulcus
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depression or groove in surface of cerebral cortex, fissure
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Define: sympathetic nerves
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autonomic nerve influencing bodily funct involuntarily in times of stress
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Define: synapse
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space where nerve impusle is transmitted from neuron to another cell
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Define: thalamus
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main relay center of brain, conducts impulses between spinal cord and cerebrum
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Define: ventricles of the brain
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canals in brain containing cerebral spinal fluid
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Define: vagus nerve
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10th cranial nerve and is the only crainial nerve that leaves head and wanders into abdominal and thoracic cavity
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cerebell/o
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cerebellum
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cerebr/o
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cerebrum
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cerebellar
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pertaining to the cerebellum
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cerebrospinal fluid
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fluid of cerebrum and spinal cord
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cerebral cortex
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pertaining to cortex of cerebrum
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dur/o
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dura mater
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subdural hematoma
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collection of blood under the duramater
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encephal/o
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brain
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anenephaly
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congenital anomaly, lack of brain or brain incompatible with life
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gli/o
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glial cells
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glioblastoma
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immature tumor of glial cells
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lept/o
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thin, slender
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leptomeningeal
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pertaining to thin meninges
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mening/o
meningi/o |
memranes/meninges
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meningeal
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pertaining to the meninges
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myelomeningococele
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hernia of spinal cord and meninges
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my/o
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muscle
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myoneural
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pertaining to the muscle nerve
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myel/o
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spinal cord
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myelogram
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record(x-ray) of the spinal cord
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poliomyelitis
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inflammation of gray matter and spinal cord
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neur/o
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nerve
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neuropathy
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nerve disease
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polyneuritis
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inflammation of many nerves
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pont/o
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pons
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cerebellopontine
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pertaining to cerebellum and the pons
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radicul/o
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nerve root (of spinal nerves)
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radiculopathy
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disease of nerve root
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radiculitis
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inflammation of nerve root
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thalam/o
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thalamus
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thalamic
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pertaining to the thalamus
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thec/o
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sheath
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intrathecal injection
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pertaining to an injection into the sheath
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vag/o
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vagus nerve
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alges/o
-algesia |
excessive sensitivity to pain
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analgesia
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no excessive sensitivity to pain
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hypalglesia
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diminished sensation to pain
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hyperalgesia
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increased sensitivity to pain
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-algia
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pain
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neuralgia
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nerve pain
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cephalgia
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headaches
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caus/o
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burning
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causalgia
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burning pain
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comat/o
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deep sleep (coma)
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esthesi/o
-esthesia |
feeling, nervous sensation
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anesthesia
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lack of normal sensation
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hyperesthesia
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excessive feeling
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paresthesia
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abnormal feeling
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kines/o
kinesi/o -kinesia -kinesis -kinetic |
movement
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bradykinesia
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slow movement
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hyperkinesis
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excessive movement
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dyskinesia
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abnormal, uncomfortable or painful movement
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akinetic
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no movement
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-lepsy
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seizure
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epilepsy
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chronic brain disorder characterized by seizure activity
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narcolepsy
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sudden seizure
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lex/o
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word, phrase
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dyslexia
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abnormal word disorder
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-paresis
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weakness
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hemiparesis
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weakness on one side of body
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-phasia
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speech
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aphasia
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no speech
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-plegia
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paralysis
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hemiplegia
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paralysis to half of the body
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paraplegia
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paralysis of lower portion of body
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quadriplegia
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all 4 extremities are paralyzed
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-praxia
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action
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apaxia
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no action
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-sthenia
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strength
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neurasthenia
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nerve strength
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syncop/o
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cut short
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syncopal
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pertaining to cutting short;fainting
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tax/o
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order, coordination
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ataxia
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no order
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spina bifida occulta
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posterior vertebrae have not fused, no herniation of meninges
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spina bifida cystica with meningocele
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external protruding sac containing CSF
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spina bifida cystica with myelmeningocele
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external sac contains meninges, CSF, and spinal cord
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Alzheimer disease AD
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brain disorder marked by dementia, with personality changes and inability to do daily functions
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amyotropic lateral sclerosis ALS
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degenerative disorder of motor neurons in spinal cord and brain stem
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epilepsy
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chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizures
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huntington disease
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hereditary disorder marked by degenerative changes in the cerebrum leading to involuntary movements and mental deterioration
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multiple sclerosis MS
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destruction of myelin sheath on neuron in CNS and it's replacement by plaques of sclerotic tissue
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myasthenia gravis
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autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles
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cerebral palsy
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partial paralysis and lack of muscle coordination caused by lack of oxygen or blood flow to cerebrum during pregnancy
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bell palsy
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paralysis on one side of the face
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Parkinson disease
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degeneration of neurons in basal ganglia in later life leading to tremors, weakness of muscles and slowness of movement
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sciatica
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inflammation along course of a nerve
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