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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Three - Box Model of Memory |
The Sensory Register: Fleeting Impressions Long-Term Memory: Memory's Storage System |
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How We Remember |
Effective Encoding Rehearsal Retrieval Practice Remembering the Secrets of Learning |
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Why We Forget |
Decay Replacement Interference Cue-Dependent Forgetting The Repression Controversy |
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Source Misattribution |
The inability to distinguish an actual memory of an event from information you learned about the event elsewhere. |
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Confabulation |
Confusion of an event that happened to someone else with one that happened to you, or a belief that you remember something when it never actually happened. |
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The Conditions of Confabulation |
You have thought, heard or told others about the imagined event many times.
The Image of the event contains lots of details that make it feel real.
The event is easy to imagine. |
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Eyewitness |
Eyewitnesses are unreliable because the way questions are worded can lead witnesses to give different answers. |
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Explicit Memory |
Conscious, intentional recollection of an event or of an item of information. |
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Recall |
The ability to retrieve and reproduce from memory previously encountered material. (Fill-in-the-blank questions) |
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Recognition |
The ability to identify previously encountered material. (Matching and multiple-choice questions) |
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Implicit Memory |
Unconscious retention in memory, as evidence by the effect of a previous experience or previously encountered information on current thoughts or actions. |
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Priming |
A method for measuring implicit memory in which a person reads or listens to information and is later tested to see whether the information affects performance on another type of task. |
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Relearning Method |
A method for measuring retention that compares the time required to re-learn material with the time used in the initial learning of the material. |
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Parallel Distributed Processing (PDP) Model |
A model of memory in which knowledge is represented as connections among thousands of interacting processing units, distributed in a vast network, and all operating in parallel. Also called a connectionist model. |
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3 Basic Memory processes |
Encoding, Storage and Retrieval |
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Sensory Register |
A memory system that momentarily preserves extremely accurate images of sensory information. |
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Short-Term Memory (STM) |
In the 3-box model of memory, a limited capacity memory system involved in the retention of information for brief periods; it is also used to hold information retried from long-term memory for temporary use. |
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Chunk |
A meaningful unit of information; it may be composed of smaller units |
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Working Memory |
In many models of memory, a cognitively complex form of short-term memory; it involves active mental processes that control retrieval of information from long-term memory and interpret that information appropriately for a given task. |
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Long-Term Memory (LTM) |
In the 3-box model of memory, the memory system involved in the long-term storage of information |
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Procedural Memories |
Memories for the performance of actions or skills ("knowing how") |
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Declarative Memories |
Memories of facts, rules, concepts, and events ("knowing of that"); they include semantic and episodic memories. |
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Semantic Memories |
Memories of general knowledge, including facts, rules, concepts, and propositions. |
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Episodic Memories |
Memories of personally experienced events and the context in which they occurred. |
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Serial-Position Effect |
The tendency for recall of the first and last items on a list to surpass recall of items in the middle of the list. |
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Long-Term Potentiation |
A long-lasting increase in the strength of synaptic responsiveness, thought to be a biological mechanism of long-term memory. |
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Consolidation |
The process by which a long-term memory becomes durable and relatively stable. |
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Memory Made - Amygdala |
Formation, consolidation, retrieval of emotional memories |
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Memory Made - Frontal Lobes |
Short-term memory and working-memory tasks |
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Memory Made - Prefrontal Cortex, parts of temporal lobes |
Efficient encoding of words and pictures, working memory, source monitoring |
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Memory Made - Hippocampus |
Formation of long-term declarative memories; aids in the retrieval of specific memories; may bind together diverse elements of a memory so it can be retrieved later as a coherent entity |
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Memory Made - Cerebellum |
Formation and retention of simple classically conditioned responses |
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Memory Made - Cerebral Cortex |
Storage of long-term memories, possibly in areas involved in the original perception of the information. |
