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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Industrial Revolution |
A system to a new way of producing goods. |
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Capital |
Money for investment. |
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Cotton Gin |
Simple machine that quickly and efficiently removed the cotton seeds form the fiber. |
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Patent |
Gives an inventory the sole legal right to an invention and its profits for a certain peiod of time. |
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Factory System |
A system bringing manufacturing steps together in one place to increase efficiency. |
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Interchangeable Parts |
An idea to make larger quantities of uniform pieces that could replace any other identical pieces. |
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Give 5 reasons New England was the ideal location for industry? |
Poor farmland Many rushing rivers and streams Close to natural resources (Coal, iron) Close to port cities A great deal of capital
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How do natural resources benefit the location for industry? |
They can be used for building. |
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Why are rivers and streams important for industry? |
Water mills can power machines. |
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How does poor farmland factor into the location for industry? |
People needed jobs since they could not farm. |
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Oliver Evans |
Developed the mechanical flour mill, also improved the steam engine. |
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Eli Whitney |
Invented Cotton Gin and Interchangeable parts |
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Samuel Slater |
First textile (cotton) mill in U.S. Memorized design of machines while working in England. |
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What were Lowell's Mills? |
Factory system (Boston Manufacturing Company) in the U.S. started by Francis Cabot Lowell. |
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Francis Cabot Lowell |
Wealthy New England businessman who visited British textile mills and expanded on their process. |
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Who were Lowell's Girls? |
80% of Lowell's employees were unmarried women between 15 and 30. |
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Where did Lowell's Girls stay and what was their salary? |
Stayed in boardinghouses (large form like structures) and were paid low wages ($3/week, $1.50 rent) which they sent to their families |
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What kind of life did Lowell's Girls have? |
They worked from 7:00 AM to 8:00 PM with a 1 hour lunch break, 6 days a week. They were expected to attend church and to read books. |
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Name 3 important facts about the 2nd Bank of the U.S.? |
Created in 1816 with support of Madison. Make large loans to build factories. Established a national currency (Paper money). |
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How was the growth of cities related to established cities versus new cities? |
Established cities grew because of new factories that attracted workers. New cities evolved as farmers sent their farm products to market. |
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Name two problems encountered in established cities that hampered growth. |
Wooden buildings (fire hazard) and no sewers spread of disease). |
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How was Development of Culture achieved cities? |
Libraries, museums, theaters, etc. were established. |
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Census |
Official count of population every 10 years. |
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What is census used for? |
To determine how many representatives each state has in the House of Representatives. |
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What was 1790 U.S. Census |
4 million |
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What was 1820 U.S. Census |
10 million |
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Turnpikes |
A toll road or road that takes a fee. |
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National Road |
East to west road from Baltimore, Maryland to Vandalia, Illinois that allowed westward travel in 1800s. |
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Steamboat |
Boat used to travel upstream, equipped with team engine. |
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Who invented the steam engine? |
Robert Fulton |
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Canals |
Artificial waterway that allowed boats to travel west or inland. |
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Locks |
Series of compartments use to raise and lower boats by raising and lowering water levels. |
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What is "Sectionalism" |
Loyalty to a region. |
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What are "Internal Improvements" related to transportation? |
Federal projects (canals, roads) to develop the nation's transportation system. |
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What is the American System? |
Policies devised to stimulate the growth of industry. |
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Who developed the American System? |
Henry Clay |
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What is sectionalism? |
Loyalty to a specific region. |
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What are 5 issues that promoted sectionalism? |
Slavery Tariffs National Bank International Improvements State Rights |
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John C. Calhoun |
From South Carolina. Supported states' rights and was against high tariffs. |
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What are states' rights? |
Each state has a say over the federal government. |
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What is state sovereignty? |
States have autonomous power. |
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What does autonomous mean? |
Having self power over the federal government. |
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Why was Calhoun against high tariffs? |
He was from the south and felt farmers would be hurt by high tariffs. |
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Daniel Webster |
From Massachusetts, Favored high tariffs. |
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Why did Webster favor high tariffs? |
They benefited the northeast. |
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Henry Clay |
From Kentucky. Against sectionalism. |
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What was Clay effective at? |
Resolving sectional disputes. War of 1812. Treaty of Ghent. |
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Who were 3 main spokesmen and their regions regarding Sectionalism? |
John C. Calhoun - South Carolina Daniel Webster - Massachusetts Henry Clay - Kentucky |
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What was Missouri Compromise? |
1820 agreement, where Missouri became a slave state and Maine became a free state and the 36-30 parallel would be dividing line for the Louisiana Territory. |
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Who was responsible for the Missouri Compromise? |
Henry Clay |
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What was "The American System" |
Clay's economic program to help all sections of land in the nation. |
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What are 3 main parts of the American System? |
High tariffs to help New England businesses. Interval improvement to help the west connect to other regions. Factories in northeast needed more cotton helping economy in the South by buying their goods. |
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What issue was resolved in the McCulloch v. Maryland case: |
Banks could not be taxed because they are federal institutions. |
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What did Maryland try to do that led to McCulloch v. Maryland? |
Tried to tax the Baltimore branch of 2nd National Bank. |
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Who was manager of 2nd National Bank during McCulloch v. Maryland? |
McCulloch who refused to pay taxes because it was federal institution. |
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Who was John Marshall? |
A Federalist who was on the Supreme Court in the McCulloch v. Maryland case and ruled that the bank could not be taxed because it was a federal institution. |
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What was the Florida problem of 1818? |
Seminole Indians were going into Southern Georgia from Florida and attacking American farmers |
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What was General Andrew Jackson sent to do? |
"Bring Peace"(stop the seminoles from attacking) |
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What did Andrew Jackson achieve by going into Florida |
-He seized control of two spanish forts -He crushed the seminoles -He caught two British traitors and hung them |
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Why were Spain and England furious with General Andrew Jackson? |
Because he went beyond his orders and attacked the Spanish forts and killed the British traitors |
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Who demanded that Jackson be court marshalled? |
John C. Calhoun (Sec. of War) |
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What did John Quincy Adams realize Jackson's attack on Florida? |
He realized that Spain did not want to go to war so the U.S. had an opportunity to get Florida. |
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Who met to work out a possible solution for the Florida problem? |
John Quincy Adams and Luis de Onis (Spanish Ambassador to U.S.) |
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What are the details of the Adams-Onis treaty? |
-Spain gave U.S. East Florida -U.S. gave up Spanish Texas and paid five million to farmers -The two countries agreed on a border between the U.S. and Spanish possessions -U.S. got a lot of territory from Pacific Northwest (Oregon Country) |
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Why did the U.S. pay the farmers $5 million as part of the Adams-Onis treaty? |
They took over the debt from the Spanish to pay for damages. |
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When was the Monroe Doctrine put into place? |
1823 |
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Many countries in Central and South America had won their independence form what two countries? |
Spain and Portugal |
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The newly independent Central and Southern American were vulnerable to who? |
European countries |
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What were the four countries called that Spain asked for help in fighting rebel forces in South America? |
The quadruple alliance |
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What four countries make up the quadruple alliance? |
-France -Russia -Prussia -Austria |
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Why was the Monroe doctrine developed? |
Monroe wanted to protect the newly independent countries in Central and South America from being taken over by the Europeans. |
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What did England do with the newly independent countries? |
established trade agreements (set to make huge profits) |
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What did the Monroe doctrine declare? |
-The U.S. would not interfere with any existing European colonies in the Western Hemisphere -The Europeans could not establish any new colonies in the Western Hemisphere |
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March 4, 1817 was the inaugural date of what Republican President? |
James Monroe |
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As political differences began to fade away, a Boston newspaper called these years what? |
The era of good feelings |
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The period of National harmony ended because of what? |
regional differences |
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The balanace between the North and the South was preserved by what? |
Missouri Compromise |
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Henry Clay called his national program what? |
The American System |
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In 1817 what happened between Great Britain and the U.S. that set limits on the numver of naval vessels on the Great Lakes? |
Rush-Bagot Treaty |
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Who wanted the U.S. to join them in telling the quadruple alliance to stay out of the Western Hemisphere? |
England |
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Who convinced Monroe to act alone and tell the quadruple alliance to stay out of the western hemisphere? |
Adams |
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What did Adams realize about England in regards to the Monroe Doctrine? |
He realized that England had to support the U.S. and the British Navy would be the "Silent Enforcer" of the Monroe doctrine |
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What was the Monroe Doctrine? |
A speech given to Congress that stated that the U.S. would protect the weaker countries in the Western Hemisphere from stronger, aggressive nations. -It basically told Europe to stay out of our part of the world and we would stay out of theirs |
