Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the four variables that describe a gas?
|
P,V,T,n
|
|
|
What is pressure?
|
the force per unit area exerted on a surface
|
|
|
What are some common units for pressure?
|
atm, mmHg(torr), Pascal, bar, P.S.I. Pounds per square inch
|
|
|
What is volume?
|
The amount of space occupied by a substance.
|
|
|
What are some of the common units for volume?
|
L, ml, m^3, cm^3
|
|
|
What is temperature?
|
how hot or cold something is, or according to Kinetic Molecular Theory, a measure of average velocity and KE of gas particles.
|
|
|
What are the common units of temperature?
|
degrees Celsius and Kelvin
|
|
|
What are the conditions needed to achieve Standard temperature and pressure?
|
273.15K and 1atm
|
|
|
At standard temperature and pressure, what is the volume of one mole of an Ideal gas?
|
22.41L
|
|
|
What does quantity (n) refer to?
|
The amount of gas particles. Particles can mean atoms or molecules.
|
|
|
What does Boyle's Law state?
|
that volume is inversely proportional to pressure.
|
|
|
What does Charles' Law state?
|
That volume is directly proportional to Temperature
|
|
|
What does Avagadro's Law state?
|
That volume is directly proportional to n and depends on the number of moles of a gas but not the identity of the mass of the gas.
|
|
|
Pressure and Volume are __________ proportional.
|
INVERSELY. If the volume is smaller, then collisions will occur more often causing an increase in pressure.
|
|
|
Pressure and Temperature are ___________proportional.
|
DIRECTLY When the temperature increases, the molecules move faster, which causes them to have more collisions, therefore increasing pressure.
|
|
|
Volume and quantity (n) are ________ proportional.
|
Directly.
|
|
|
Pressure and n are _________ proportional.
|
Directly. The more molecules there are in a container, then there are more opportunities for collisions to occur, therefore increasing the pressure.
|
|
|
Volume and Temperature are _________ proportional.
|
Directly. If the temperature is increased the molecules move faster and hit the walls of the containers harder, which often causes the walls of the container to expand, increasing the volume.
|
|
|
What equation is yielded by the Ideal Gas Law?
|
PV=nRT
|
|
|
What are some characteristics of an ideal gas?
|
The identical particles of zero volume, no intermolecular forces (attraction between particles), only elastic collisions with container walls (KE stays the same).
|
|
|
What are four ways to use the Ideal Gas Law?
|
1. Calculate P,V,T, or n if 3 variables are known. 2. Calculate P,V,T changes in a gas. 3. Calculate (instead of measure) the mass or molar mass of a gas sample. 4. Calculate gas density
|
|
|
What are tow characteristics that Ideal gases are assumed to have?
|
Particles with zero volume, and no attraction between particles.
|
|
|
When do real gases behave most like Ideal Gases?
|
low pressure and at high temperatures.
|
|
|
What does Dalton's Law of Particle Pressure state?
|
The partial pressures of the individual gases in a mixture, add up to the total pressure.
|
|
|
What is another name for the Kinetic Molecular Theory?
|
The Collision Theory
|
|
|
What is the Kinetic Molecular Theory?
|
A set of assumptions about the nature of gases that translates mathematically to the ideal gas law and explains macroscopic properties by considering macroscopic composition and motion of gas particles.
|
|
|
As an assumption of the KMT, gases consist of a large number of particles treated as having __________ volume.
|
no
|
|
|
As an assumption of the KMT, particles move randomly in straight lines and ________ have the same speed.
|
Do NOT
|
|
|
As an assumption of the KMT, the collisions between particles and container walls are __________.
|
elastic
|
|
|
The average Kinetic energy of a particle is ____________ to temperature.
|
proportional
|
|
|
As an assumption of the KMT, gases consist of a large number of particles treated as having __________ volume.
|
no
|
|
|
As an assumption of the KMT, particles move randomly in straight lines and ________ have the same speed.
|
Do NOT
|
|
|
As an assumption of the KMT, There _______ attractive or repulsive forces between particles.
|
ARE NO
|
|
|
As an assumption of the KMT, the collisions between particles and container walls are __________.
|
elastic
|
|
|
The average Kinetic energy of a particle is ____________ to temperature.
|
proportional
|
|
|
_________ is determined by how often and how hard the particles collide with the container walls?
|
Pressure
|
|
|
What determines the average speeed and kinetic energy of particles?
|
Temperature
|
|
|
What are some characteristics of lighter gases?
|
They have faster average speeds than heavier ones, they have a larger distribution of speeds than larger ones, and they have the same average kinetic energy as larger ones.
|
|
|
What is Effusion?
|
The escape of gas particles through a tiny hole into an evacuated space.
|
|
|
Is the Effusion rate faster for smaller or larger particles?
|
smaller because they are faster.
|
|
|
The Effusion rate is __________ proportional to the square root of the molecular mass.
|
inversely
|
|
|
What is Diffusion?
|
The spread of one substance throughout a space or a second substance.
|
|
|
Is the diffusion rate faster for smaller or larger particles?
|
Smaller particles because they move faster.
|
