Chapter 10/11

Front 1

Instinct

Back 1

A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned.

Front 2

Drive-reduction theory

Back 2

The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need.

Front 3

Incentive

Back 3

A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior.

Front 4

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Back 4

Pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active.

Front 5

Sexual response cycle

Back 5

The four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson - excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.

Front 6

Refractory period

Back 6

A resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm.

Front 7

Estrogen

Back 7

A sex hormone, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males. In nonhuman female mammals, this hormone's levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity.

Front 8

Testosterone

Back 8

The most important of the male hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional amount of this hormone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty.

Front 9

Achievement motivation

Back 9

A desire for significant accomplishment: for mastery of things, people, or ideas; for attaining a high standard.

Front 10

James - Lange theory

Back 10

The theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotional arousing stimuli.

Front 11

Cannon-Bard theory

Back 11

The theory that an emotion arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion.

Front 12

Two-factor theory

Back 12

Schachter's theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal.