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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Social conflict perspective |
An analytical perspective on social organization which holds that conflict is a fundamental aspect of social life itself and can never fully bresolved |
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Radical criminology |
A perspective that holds the causes of crime are rooted in social conditions that empower the wealthy and the politically well organized but disenfranchise those less fortunate. Radical criminology is sometimes called Marxist criminology |
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Bourgeoisie |
In Marxist theory, the class of people that owns the means of production |
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Proletariat |
In Marxist theory, the working class |
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Structural Marxism |
A perspective that holds that the structural institutions of society influence the behaviour of individuals and groups by virtue of the type relationships created. The criminal law, for example, reflects class relationships and serves to reinforce those relationships |
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Instrumental Marxism |
A perspective that holds that those in power intentionally create laws and social institutions that serve their own interests and that keep others from becoming powerful |
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Critical criminology |
A perspective focused on challenging traditional understandings and on uncovering false beliefs about crime and criminal justice |
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Left-realist criminology |
A conflict perspective that insists on a pragmatic assessment of crime and its associated problems |
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Feminist criminology |
A self-conscious corrective model intended to redirect the thinking mainstream criminologist to include gender awareness |
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Liberal feminism |
A perspective that holds that gender-role socialization is the primary source of women's oppression |
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Radical feminism |
The perspective that patriarchy is the cause of women's oppression |
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Patriarchy |
The tradition of male dominance |
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Marxist feminism |
A perspective in feminist criminology that sees the oppression of women as caused by their subordinate class status within capitalist societies |
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Social feminism |
A perspective that examines social roles and the gender-based division of labour within the family, seeing both as a significant source of women's insubordination within society |
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Postmodern feminism |
A perspective in modern criminology that questions the social construction of concepts typically used in discussions of crime and justice |
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Peacemaking criminology |
A perspective that holds that crime-control agencies and the citizens they serve should work together to alleviate social problems and human suffering and thus reduce crime |
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Peace model |
An approach to crime control that focuses on effective ways for developing a shared consensus on critical issues that have the potential to seriously affect the quality of life |
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Restorative justice |
A perspective that stresses remedies and restoration rather than prison, punishment, and neglect of victims
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Circle sentencing conferences |
Groups of community members who actively assist justice authorities by participating in discussions about available sentencing options and plans to reintegrate the offender back into the community |
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Victim-Offender Reconciliation Program (VORP) |
A program that gives the offender the opportunity to meet face-to-face with the victim in the presence of a trained mediator in an attempt to reduce the victim's fears while establishing accountability and reparation for the crime |
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Family group conferencing |
A forum for dealing with unanswered questions, emotions, and the victim's right to restitution and reparation resulting from a crime |
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community sentencing panels |
groups compsed of volunteers from the community who focus on restorative measures such as restitution, reparation, mediation, and victim involvement |
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Community policing |
A philosophy of policing involving proactive collaboration between the police and the community to prevent and respond to crime and other community problems |
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Participatory justice |
A relatively informal type of justice case processing which makes use of local community resources rather than requiring traditional forms of official intervention |