Chapter 10

Front 1

Hydrocarbon derivatives

Back 1

Formed when one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by an element or a group of elements other than hydrogen

Front 2

Functional groups

Back 2

A specific arrangement of atoms within a molecule responsible for important characteristics and properties

Front 3

Organic halides

Back 3

One or more H atoms are replace by halogen atom

Front 4

Halogens

Back 4

F2, Cl2, Br2, I2

Front 5

An alkyl halide is formed by

Back 5

Replacing an H in a hydrocarbon with a halogen

Front 6

When naming an alkyl halide the suffix of the halogen -INE is replaced with

Back 6

- o

Front 7

Addition reaction

Back 7

Two reactants added together to form single product

Front 8

Substitution reactions

Back 8

Two reactants exchange parts to give 2 new products

Front 9

Define an addition reaction

Back 9

Atom or molecule is added to an UNSATURATED molecule thus increasing saturation of the molecule

Front 10

Hydrogenation is a type of ______ reaction

Back 10

Addition

Front 11

Hydrogenation is

Back 11

When one of more H atoms are added to unsaturated molecule to break a triple or double bond

Front 12

Halogens take the place of hydrogen due to their

Back 12

Higher electro negativity

Front 13

Alcohol

Back 13

Class of organic compounds with an -OH group (hydroxyl)

Front 14

General form of alcohols

Back 14

R-OH

Front 15

All straight chain alcohols with less than ____ carbons are _____ at STP

Back 15

12, liquids

Front 16

Alcohols tend to have high _____ due to _____

Back 16

Boiling point, hydrogen bonds

Front 17

Short chain alcohol solubility

Back 17

Soluble in water

Front 18

Primary alcohol

Back 18

1 carbon

Front 19

Secondary alcohol

Back 19

2 carbons attached to the hydroxyl

Front 20

Tertiary alcohol

Back 20

3 carbons attached to hydroxyl

Front 21

What must be included when determining parent chain of alcohol

Back 21

Longest chain with hydroxyl

Front 22

When naming alcohols you substitute the suffix -e with ____ and number the ____ of ______

Back 22

-ol, position, -OH

Front 23

When naming alcohol where do you number?

Back 23

Closest to hydroxyl

Front 24

Alcohols containing 2,3,4 of -OH substituents are named

Back 24

Diols, triols, tetriols

Front 25

Phenols

Back 25

Compounds in which a hydroxyl group is attached directly to an aromatic ring (benzene)

Front 26

Cracking

Back 26

Larger molecule broken down to smaller molecule

Front 27

Elimination is process used to make

Back 27

Ethene

Front 28

Elimination is the reverse of

Back 28

addition (synthesis)

Front 29

In elimination reactions when taking away a hydrogen you must take away whatever is

Back 29

Adjacent to it

Front 30

Dehydrohalogenation

Back 30

(- h2o and halogen ion)

Front 31

Dehydration

Back 31

A hydrogen atom and a hydroxyl group from an adjacent carbon are eliminated and combine to form water

Front 32

Caboxylic acid: functional group

Back 32

- COOH

Front 33

In a carboxylic acid are the oxygen atoms joined together ?

Back 33

No

Front 34

General formula of carboxylic acids?

Back 34

R-COOH

Front 35

Structure of caboxylic acid

Back 35

Oxygen double bonded to the carbon and the hydroxyl bonded to the same carbon with a single bond

Front 36

Naming Rules for carboxylic acids (3)

Back 36

1. Identify parent chain

2. Number carboxyl carbon as 1

3. Remove -e ending and replace with - oic acid

Front 37

acetic acid is ?

Back 37

ethanoic acid

Front 38

when using prefixes di, tri, tetr for carboxyls how do you name the parent chain?

Back 38

leave the -e. EX: pentanedioic acid

Front 39

Esters give flowers and fruits their _______ and ________

Back 39

fragrances and flavours

Front 40

In an ester the H in the carboxylic group is replaced with an ________ group

Back 40

alkyl

Front 41

general form of esther

Back 41

R-COO-R

Front 42

Esthers are

Back 42

condensation products of carboxylic acids with the removal of water (dehydration synthesis)

Front 43

Do esters have a higher or lower boiling point than the hydrogen carboxylic acids it came from ?

Back 43

lower

Front 44

Formula for esterification

Back 44

carboxylic acid + alcohol --> ester + water q

Front 45

Naming Esters (2)

Back 45

1. First word is alkyl attached to singel bonded oxygen from alcohol

2. Second word take the acid name and remove the -ic acid -oate

Front 46

Esterification is

Back 46

reaction of a carboxylic acid and alcohol in the presence of a catalyst, results in formation of an ester and water

Front 47

Esterification is also called a

Back 47

condensation reaction

Front 48

Hydrolosis is the reverse of

Back 48

esterification

Front 49

Process of hydrolosis

Back 49

ester reacts with water and acid catalyst to produce carboxylic acid and alcohol

Front 50

polymer

Back 50

any long chain molecule synthesized by linking together single parts called monomers

Front 51

monomer

Back 51

simplest non-redundant unit from which a polymer is synthesized

Front 52

a polymer that can be molded when hot and retains its shape when cooled

Back 52

plastic

Front 53

thermoplastic

Back 53

polymer that can be melted and molded into a shape that is retained when it is cooled

Front 54

thermoset plastic

Back 54

polymer that can be molded when first prepared, but once it is cooled, hardens irreversibly and cannot be remelted

Front 55

properties of polymers (3)

Back 55

- strong attractive forces between chains results in stronger, less flexible polymer

- chains able to slide past each other = flexible polymer

- can function like a stack of paper

Front 56

Do longer chains make stronger polymers?

Back 56

yes