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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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gram neg rods acquired through respiratory tract
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1. Haemophilus influenzae
2. Bordatella pertussis 3. Legionella pneumophilia |
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Haemophilus labs
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gram neg rod
culture on chocolate agar + Factors V & X haem --> blood loving --> require Factor X (hematin) & Factor V (hematin) if kid has h flu, mom goes to Five and Dime to buy Chocolate! |
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Haemophilus influenzae
- transmission - virulence factors |
transmission: respiratory (aerosol)
virulence: 1. Capsule type b = bad = invasive (there are also nonencapsulated strains called "nontypeable" which may colonize or cause local infection ie otitis media) 2. IgA protease |
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Nontypeable influenzae
- diseases |
- localized infections ie otitis media in children
- COPD exacerbation (affect weakened adults w/ lung dz) |
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Haemophilus influenzae type b
- diseases - vaccine - treatment |
haEMOPhilus
1. Epliglottis- DANGEROUS! 2. Meningitis (esp 6 mo-3y like N meningitidis) 3. Otitis media 4. Pneumonia 5. Septic arthritis (most common cause in INFANTS!) 6. Sepsis- infants, asplenic ppl vaccine is CONJUNGATED ie diphtheria/tetanus toxoid, given 2-18mo tx- ceftriaxone (for less serious infection ie otitis media can try amoxicillin) ppx = rifampin |
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Chancroid
- cause - symptoms - differential - treatment |
Haemophilus ducreyi
sx: PAINFUL ulcer + PAINFUL swollen LN's filled w/ pus (syphilis ulcer/LNs are painless; herpes lesions are painful but have systemic symptoms ie myalgias/fevers; lymphogranuloma venereum-chlamydia trachomatis- has painless LNs and ulcer disappears before adenopathy) tx- single dose azithromycin or ceftriaxone |
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clinically important haemophilus spp
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1. Haemophilus influenze
2. Haemophilus ducreyi 3. other ie H parainfluenze, H aphrophilus, H paraphrophilus----HACEK (subacue endocarditis)! |
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Gardnerella vaginalis
- labs - diseases/sx - tx |
gram neg rod (formerly in Haemophilus group)
bacterial vaginitis - fishy odor - clue cells tx- metronidazole |
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Bordatella pertussis
- labs - virulence factors |
gram neg rod; does not grow on cotton so collect with calcium alginate swab & grow on Bordet-Gengou medium (or ELISA/PCR)
VF: 1) Pertussis toxin- A-B;activates Gs --> cAMP --> bad stuff 2) Excretes adenylate cyclase --> WBCs swallow --> cAMP --> imparied chemotaxis & free radical generation 3) Filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA)- pili rod helps bind to bronchial cells 4) Tracheal cytotoxin- destroys cells, impairs clearance |
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whooping cough
- name of organism - stages - treatment |
Bordetella pertussis
1. catarrhal stage- URI, low fever; highly contagious! 2. Paroxysmal stage- coughing bursts + whoop (esp babies) (may not have whoop esp if partially immunized) 3. Convalescent stage- fewer attacks; not contagious tx = supportive contacts = erythromycin (may decrease shedding also but doesn't change course) |
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DPT vaccine
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- diptheria
- pertussis - tetanus |
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Legionella pneumophilia
- labs - unique characteristics - transmission - diseases - tx |
Labs- gram neg rod but doesn't stain well so use silver stain; grow on charcoal yeast extract culture w/ Fe & cysteine! (French legionnaire w/ SILVER helmet sitting around a CHARCOAL campfire with Fe dagger- he is not a CYSTEINE)
-facultative INTRACELLULAR-survives in macrophages - from WATER sources (ie a/c system)---NO human-human transmission!! 1. Legionnaires' disease- severe lobar pneumonia + high fever +/- other sx ie abdom pain, diarrhea, confusion, electrolyte abnormalities 2. Pontiac fever = mild flu Tx- erythromycin (or azithro, doxy, moxi etc--"atypical") |
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atypical pneumonia bugs & tx
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- viral pneumonia
- Legionella pneuophilia - Mycoplasma - Chlamydia tx= macrolides (azithro, clarithro, erythro), tetracyclines (doxy), quinolones (moxi, levo) |
