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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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incumbent.
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The person already holding an elective office.
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coattails
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The alleged tendency of candidates to win more votes in an election because of the presence at the top the ticket of a better-known candidate (ie president)
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Political action committee
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A committee set up by a corporation labor union, or intrest group that raises and spends campaign money from voluntary donations.
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malapportionment
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Drawing the boundaries of legeslative districts so that they are unequal in population.
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gerry mandering
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Drawing the boundaries of legislative districts in bizarre or unusual shapes to favor one party.
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sophmore surge.
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An increase in vote congressional candidates usually get when they first run for Reelection.
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Position issues.
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An issue about which the public is divided and rival candidates or political parties adopt different positions.
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general election
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An election held to choose which candidate will hold office.
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primary election
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An election held to choose candidates for office.
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closed primary
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A primary election in which voting is limited to already registered party members.
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valence issues
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An issue about which the public is united and rival candidates or political parties adopt similar positions in hopes that each will be thought to best represents those widely shared beliefs.
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open primary
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A Primary election in which voters may choose in which party to vote as they enter the polling place.
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blanket primary
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A primary election in which each voter may vote for candidates from both parties.
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runoff primary
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A secondary primary election held when no candidate wins a majority of the votes in 1st primary.
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independent expenditures
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Spending by a PAC, corporation, labor union that is done to help a party or candidate but is done independently of them.
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soft money
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Funds obtained by political parties that are spent on political activity. Cannot be laundered. no limit. recently banned
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527 organizations
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Organizations that under section of Internal Revenue Code raise money to advance political causes. A loophole to bypass soft money ban.
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prospective voting
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voting a candidate because you favor his or her ideas for handling issues.
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retrospective voting
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voting for a candidate because you like his or her past actions in office.
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Buckley vs Valeo
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(1976) upheld that a law limiting contributions to political campaings was constitutional but restricting a candidate's expediture was UNCONSTITUTIONAL.
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McConnell v FEC
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upheld law prohibiting corporations and labor unions from running ads 60 days before the federal general election. upheld provision found in BCRA
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Hard money
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money given to a party, candidate or intrest group that is limited and fully disclosed.
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FECA Federal Election Campaign Act
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limit "hard money in response to Nixon's campaign abuses. Parties and candidates must fully document and record for public access .
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