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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Crimes Against Humanity |
international crimes, including murder, enslavement, ethnic cleansing, and torture, committed against civilians, as codified in the Rome Statute. |
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Cultural Relativism |
the belief that human rights, ethics, and morality are determined by cultures and history and therefore are not universally the same |
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First-Generation Human Rights |
Political or civil rights of citizens that prevent governmental authority from interfering with private individuals or civil society (negative rights) |
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Genocide |
the systematic killing or harming of a group of people based on national, religious, ethnic, or racial characteristics, with the intention of destroying the group. |
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International Bill of Rights |
the collective name for the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights. |
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Second-Generation Human Rights |
Social and economic rights that states are obligated to provide their citizenry, including the rights to medical care, jobs, and housing (positive rights). |
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Soft Law |
non-binding norms of state behavior; may or may not eventually become hard or obligatory law |
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Third-Generation Human Rights |
Collective rights of groups, including the rights of ethnic or indigenous minorities and designated special groups such as women and children, and the rights to democracy and development, among others. |
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Demographic Transition |
the situation in which increasing levels of economic development lead to falling death rates, followed by falling birth rates |
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Epistemic Community |
transnational communities of experts and technical specialists who share a set of beliefs and a way to approach problems. |
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Global governance |
structures and processes that enable actors to coordinate interdependent needs and interests in the absence of a unifying political authority |
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Malthusian dilemma |
the situation that population growth rates will increase faster than agricultural productivity, leading to food shortages; named after Thomas Malthus. |
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narcotrafficking |
the transportation of large quantities of illegal narcotics like heroin or cocaine across state borders |
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negative externalities |
economies term for costly unintended consequences of exchange, in political terms, a negative externality of a failed government might be refugees; in counterinsurgency, a negative externality for an incumbent government fighting insurgents might be increased terrorist group recruitment as a result of deliberately or inadvertently harming noncombatants in disputed areas. |
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Netcrime |
criminal use of the internet; may include such diverse activities as use of email or chat to bully a peer, manipulation of computer code to steal another's identity, child pornography, or theft of intellectual property |
