Chapter 10-11

Front 1

Current research suggest that an athlete (human) could increase the number of her slow twitch muscle fibers by performing a long-term program of intenst endurance training. (True or False)

Back 1

False

Front 2

Type 1 skelatal muscle fibers tend to be redder in color than Type IIB skeltal muscle fibers (True or False)

Back 2

True

Front 3

Formation of the muscle crossbridge, i.e. linking of the thin (actin) filament to the thick (myosin) filament, requires the hyrdolysis (splitting) of ATP. (True or False)

Back 3

False

Front 4

The H zone of a muscle sarcomere shortens during an isotonic muscle contraction (True or False)

Back 4

True

Front 5

An individual motor unit can contain both fast red and white muscle fiber (True or False)

Back 5

False

Front 6

A slow twitch (SO) muscle fiber will have more myoglobin than a fast twitch (FG) muscle fiber (True or False)

Back 6

True

Front 7

The I band of a sarcomere is larger in the relaxed than in the contracted state (True or False)

Back 7

True

Front 8

A thin, strong connective tissue band binding a group of tendons in place is called a retinaculum (True or False)

Back 8

True

Front 9

An individual motor unit can contain only one of the three main muscle fiber types (slow red, fast red, or fast white). (True or False)

Back 9

True

Front 10

Endomysium surrounds individual muscle fibers. (True or False)

Back 10

True

Front 11

Shortening of a sacromere requires the presence of both calcium and ATP. (True or False)

Back 11

True

Front 12

Slow twitch skeletal muscle fibers tend to be larger in diameter than fast twitch skeletal muscle fibers. (True or False)

Back 12

False

Front 13

The "H zone" of a sarcomere contains myosin but not actin. (True or False)

Back 13

True

Front 14

__________ denotes the type of muscle fiber arrangement (architecture) characterized by a "feather" shape in which short muscle fibers attah to a length of tendon, resulting in strong muscles that tire quickly.

Back 14

pennate

Front 15

__________ is a tumor of muscle tissue.

Back 15

myoma or sarcoma

Front 16

The connective tissue later surrounding a muscle fasciculus is called the __________.

Back 16

perimysium

Front 17

Which event in muscular contraction requires the binding of a fresh ATP? (Describe carefully in one sentence):

Back 17

Binding fresh ATP releases the actin-myosin crossbridge link

Front 18

__________ is the clinical term for "surgical cutting of muscle tissue".

Back 18

myotomy

Front 19

A Type IIB muscle fiber will have relatively low levels of __________. (Note: more than one answer is possible; please give only one response.)

Back 19

myoglobin, vascularity, aerobic capacity, etc.

Front 20

Which event in muscular contraction requires the hydrolysis of ATP? Describe carefully in one sentence):

Back 20

movement of the crossbridge

Front 21

A(n) __________ is a thin, strong band of connective tissue binding a group of tendons in place.

Back 21

retinaculum

Front 22

A __________ is the rupture or protrusion of a portion of the underlying viscera through the overlying muscle tissue.
a) sprain
b) strain
c) hernia
d) myokymia
e) torticollis

Back 22

c) hernia

Front 23

In a muscle sarcomere, actin is found in all EXCEPT the
a) A band
b) I band
c) H zone
d) actin is found in all of the above
e) actin is found in none of the above

Back 23

c) H zone

Front 24

A study of college students of average fitness level was conducted at the Wisner Muscle Research Institute to examine muscle fiber distribution in human subjects. Which of the following findings is MOST likely to be TRUE?
a) On average, most subjects had about 80% fast twitch fibers.
b) The SO fibers contained lots of mitochondria
c) Muscle biopsies collected from the gastrocnemius muscles showed that this muscle is almost entirely Type I fibers.
d) Endurance training caused the type IIB fibers to transform into type I fibers
e) The FG fibers contained substantial aerobic AND anaerobic capacities

Back 24

b) The SO fibers contained lots of mitochondria

Front 25

Muscle cancer would most likely be associated with the condition called
a) astrocytoma
b) fibromyalgia
c) neurolemmocytoma
d) desmitis
e) rhabdomyosarcoma

Back 25

e) rhabdomyosarcoma

Front 26

Which of the following is a true statement?
a) Type I skeletal muscle fibers are smaller in diameter than Type IIB fibers.
b) Type I skeletal muscle fibers are faster contracting than Type IIB fibers.
c) Type I skeletal muscle fibers have less myoglobin than Type IIB fibers.
d) All of the above are true
e) None of the above are true.

Back 26

a) Type I skeletal muscle fibers are smaller in diameter than Type IIB fibers.

Front 27

The "I band" of a resting (relaxed) muscle sarcomere contains
a) actin
b) myosin
c) the H zone
d) all of the above
e) none of the above

Back 27

a) actin

Front 28

Rigor mortis is directly caused by what condition inside the muscle cell?
a) lack of oxygen
b) ATP depletion
c) loss of potassium ions
d) excess sodium levels
e) low calcium levels

Back 28

b) ATP depletion

Front 29

The calcium ions that initiate cross bridge formation in the muscle cell come from the
a) sarcomere
b) nucleus
c) Golgi apparatus
d) mitochondrion
e) sarcoplasmic reticulum

Back 29

e) sarcoplasmic reticulum

Front 30

The connective tissue layer covering a bundle (fasciculus) of muscle fibers is called the:
a) endomysium
b) perineurium
c) perimysium
d) epineurium
e) epimysium

Back 30

c) perimysium

Front 31

A motor unit specialized for strong, powerful movements would most likely have an innervation ratio of
a) 1 neuron: 10 muscle fibers
b) 10 neurons: 1 muscle fiber
c) 1000 neurons: 1 muscle fiber
d) 1 neuron: 1000 muscle fibers
e) 1 neuron: 1 muscle fiber

Back 31

d) 1 neuron: 1000 muscle fibers

Front 32

Two-thirds of a muscle's weight is
a) water
b) protein
c) lipid
d) carbohydrate
e) electrolytes

Back 32

a) water

Front 33

Fasciitis is an inflammatory condition involving which major histological class(es)?
a) epithelial
b) connective
c) muscle
d) neural
e) all of the above

Back 33

b) connective

Front 34

__________ is a genetic disease characterized by the gradual atrophy and weakening of muscle tissue:
a) multiple sclerosis
b) muscular dystrophy
c) myasthenia gravis
d) rhabdomyosarcoma
e) cerebral palsy

Back 34

b) muscular dystrophy

Front 35

Smooth muscle would most likely be found in which structure?
a) retinaculum
b) gaster
c) aponeurosis
d) meniscus
e) none of the above

Back 35

e) none of the above

Front 36

Which of the following lists contains the terms in order from smallest to largest in size?
a) fiber, myofilament, myofibril, fasciculus
b) myofibril, myofilament, fasciculus, fiber
c) myofilament, myofibril, fasciculus, fiber
d) fiber, myofibril, myofilament, fasciculus
e) none of the above lists the terms correctly from smallest to largest in size

Back 36

e) none of the above lists the terms correctly from smallest to largest in size

Front 37

The dense fibrous (white) connective tissue around a muscle which bundles groups of fasciculi together into a whole muscle is called the
a) perichondrium
b) periosteum
c) endomysium
d) perimysium
e) epimysium

Back 37

e) epimysium

Front 38

The A band of the sarcomere contains
a) actin
b) the H-zone
c) myosin
d) the M-line
e) all of the above

Back 38

e) all of the above (actin, the H-zone, myosin, the M-line)

Front 39

Which of the following lists contains the terms in correct order from smallest to largest in size?
a) muscle fiber, myofilament, fasciculus, myofibril
b) myofibril, myofilament, muscle fiber, fasciculus
c) myofilament, myofibril, muscle fiber, fasciculus
d) fasciculus, muscle fiber, myofigril, myofilament
e) none of the above lists the terms correctly from smallest to largest in size.

Back 39

c) myofilament, myofibril, muscle fiber, fasciculus

Front 40

Sprint training would most likely
a) increase the size of type IIB skeletal muscle fiberes
b) increase the number of type IIB skeletal muscle fiberes
c) decrease the size of type I skeletal muscle fibers
d) increase the number of mitochondria in all types of skeletal muscle fibers
e) increase the vascularity of all types of skeletal muscle fibers

Back 40

a) increase the size of type IIN skeletal muscle fibers

Front 41

Which of the following statements is/are true?
a) The sarcomere is the basic structural and functional unit of a smooth muscle fiber
b) The sarcomere is the basic structural and functional unit of a cardiac muscle fiber
c) The sarcomere is the basic structural and functional unit of a skeletal muscle fiber
d) Both b and c are true
e) a, b, and c are all true

Back 41

d) Both b and c are true (cardiac and skeletal)

Front 42

The source of teh calcium ions that initiate crossbridge formation in the muscle cell is the
a) plasma
b) sarcoplasmic reticulum
c) Golgi apparatus
d) mitochondrion
e) motor endplate

Back 42

b) sarcoplasmic reticulum

Front 43

A study of college students of average fitness level was conducted at the Jayaraman Muscle Research Institute to examine muscle fiber distribution in human subjects. Which of the following findings is LEAST likely to be true?
a) Muscle biopsies collected from the gastrocnemius muscles showed that a mixture of fiber types were present.
b) The fast oxidative glycolytic fibers contained substantial aerobic AND anaerobic capacities
c) On average, most subjects had about 80% fast twitch fibers
d) Endurance training caused the type IIB fibers to look more like type IIA fibers.
e) The slow oxidative fibers contained lots of mitochondria

Back 43

c) On average, most subjects had about 80% fast twitch fibers

Front 44

Skeletal muscles characterized by short excursions, high strength, excellent dexterity, and poor endurance are classified on the basis of their feather-like fiber arrangement as
a) pennate
b) fusiform
c) convergent
d) parallel
e) circular

Back 44

a) pennate

Front 45

Binding of a fresh ATP is necessary for
a) crossbridge formation
b) crossbridge movement
c) crossbridge release
d) a and c
e) b and c

Back 45

c) crossbridge release

Front 46

The energy that is required during a muscular contraction comes from
a) ATP
b) calcium
c) acetylcholine (ACh)
d) sodium
e) potassium

Back 46

a) ATP

Front 47

The primitive, nononucleated mesodermal cells that fuse together to form a mature, multinucleated muscle fiber are called
a) sarcolemmas
b) myotomies
c) myofibrils
d) myoblasts
e) sarcomas

Back 47

d) myoblasts