Chapter 1 Test

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Renaissance

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French, means rebirth, 14th to 16th century western Europe where classical style was employed

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Cimabue: Madonna Enthroned. 13th Century

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its medevial in its decorative features. The angels possess a decorative pattern, Jesus looks like a decoration . Everyone is on the same ground

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Giotta: Madonna Enthroned.

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1310. Has 3 dimensionality which represents the Renaissance mindset. Very detailed faces which focus on Mary, there is shadow and light and weight and volume. Very realistic positions

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Mendicant

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St Francis was a member of this order. They would go to the cities to beg , they didnt want to accumulate wealth. Taught inhabitants new religious tradition

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Iconography

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2 part assessment of art. first is the physical interpretation such as the artist, date and location, medium. Second part is the symbolic interpretation. Erwin Panofsky considered the father of iconography

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Arena Chapel

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1305. Also known as Scrovengi chapel. Divided into 4 parts. Kiss of Judas- torches have sense of light. Mourning of Christ- Fresco buon

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Humanism

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in the Renaissance which was an emphasis on expanding knowledge and exploration of individual potential and desire to excel

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St. Francis Alterpiece

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1235 and its dimensions are 5x3x6. Bonventura Berlinghieri on tempura on wood. Man is St. Francis and you can tell by the stigmata which represents crucifixion. He seems to be floating, he is elongated and the proportions are all wrong. He is surrounded by the events in his life so this piece has a narrative quality. They care about story, faith and spirit

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Comission

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contract itself. It eventually becomes the artwork but its very specific and in the contract it lays out the theme, material and paint

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Patron

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Person who commissions artwork. Duke of Berry commissioned the books of hours .

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Chiaroscuro

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drawing or painting, treatment of light and dark. Gradiations allow the effect of modeling. Example would be Giottos lamentation .

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Intonaco

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in fresco painting, last layer of smooth lime plaster applied to the wall. Its the painting layer

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Giornata

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In Italian it means day. Its section of plaster that a fresco painter expects to complete in one session

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Fresco Buon

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Its apart of the wall and so it lasts longer. Pigments are applied to wet plaster

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Palazza Publico

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Done by Ambrogio Lorezetti in 1338 in fresco buon. Of secular concerns and has reference to city and activity. Northern wall is Allegory of Good Government, Western wall is bad govt

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Ambrogio Lorenzetti: Good Government Fresco

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See justice with a crown on her head. There is activity in the city, shops are open and theres learning and dancing. Good government in the country means everything is active and secure and benefits depend on punishment

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Manuscript Illumination

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painting in books. Books had to be made by hand

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Book of Hours

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Chronicles part of day. The day is organized by prayer and had prayers for each hour, the rich could afford nice books

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Limbourg Brothers- Tres Riches Houres: January Page

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Commissioned by Duke of Berry in 1413-1416. The January page was almost like Ghent altarpiece since the duke is hosting a celebration. This is very detailed and sometimes referred to as miniatures . This is painted on animal skin

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Labors of the month

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refers to cycles in Medieval and early Renaissance art depicting in twelve scenes the rural activities that commonly took place in the months of the year.

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secular

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denoting attitudes, activities, or other things that have no religious or spiritual basis.

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Allegory

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something other than whats pot rayed

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Contropasto

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deals with weight placement , adds to accuracy. Tension on one side and relaxation on the other

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Guilds

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focused on specific trade, attempted to promote themselves through commissions often times

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Oil Painting

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Technique employed by Nothern Europe.Treated with gesso which is a white color, then oils are built up, then you start with light colors and build up colors.

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Atmospheric Prespective

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farther back an image is the blurrier and less detailed it is. Color saturation and value diminish when image recedes into distance

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Linear Prespective

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Developed by Brunelleschi. Artist must identify a horizontal line and then select a vanishing point

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Vanishing Point

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often located at the center of the line

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Lorenzo Ghiberti: Issac and his sons

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relief painting where he employs linear perspective to create illusion of distance. Also used sculptural perspective- forms in distance are less distinct . Done is gilded bronze and is located in Duomo, Florence

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Engraving

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incising a design in hard material often a metal plate. Can also be an impression made from such a plate.

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Tuscany

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where the European Renaissance began. This is central Italy

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Why is iconography so important is assessment of Jan Van Eyck major works?

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Arnolfini double portrait : understand the idea that a betrothal is occurring. Giovannis hand is raised like he is taking an oath. The mirror looks like a seal in an official document. The fruit refers to fertility and the hopeful result of the marriage. The chandelier has one light , on wedding day bride and groom light a single light. Above the joining in the hands is a small figure that represents temptations.

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Discuss the changes in art beginning in the Trecento period. What changes occur and why?

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Trecento period= 14th century. Beginning of the Renaissance. Important painter of the time was Giotto. Giotto became concerned with three dimensionality, perspective. During this time there was fresco painting and panel painting .

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Why is Giotto considered the "father of modern art?"

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answer

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Mannerism

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a style of the later Renaissance that emphasized imagery not directly from nature. Example of mannerism would be Parmigianinos Madonna with the long neck. This painting is a vision of grace and sweetness, delicate nature of her hands.

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Parmigianino

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Madonna with the Long Neck

1534-1540 from the Baiardi Chapel in Parma Italy.

Oil on wood with dimensions 7'1 X 4"4. Stylishness that was an aim on mannerism. Mary has a small oval head, a long slender neck and a sinous body. Compare neck with a great ivory tower- such as one located to the right of her.

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Attribute

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distintive indentifying aspect of a person for example and object held. In the Last Judgment by Michaleango , Saint Peter holds the keys that open the gates to heaven.

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Ghent Alterpiece

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Jan Van Eyck. When closed its a tripdic- two panels , has three parts when opened.