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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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sociology
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the scientific study of human society and social behavior
*allows us to see beyond own experiences, understand viewpoints/actions of others |
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sociological imagination
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the intersection btwn personal biography and historical events
ability to connect intimate aspects of life with seemingly impersonal historical forces |
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5 basic sociological concepts
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1. social structure
2. social action 3. functional integration 4. power 5. culture |
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social structure
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patterns of social relationships in society that shape social action
ex. education, economy, etc. |
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social action
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action influenced by people's understandings of things and their consequences (expectations)
Act --> interpret --> act --> interpret etc (exchange of meaning) |
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functional integration
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interdependence btwn various parts of social system
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power
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capacity of social actors to get others to do their will, make sure they benefit from others actions
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culture
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glue that binds societies, help us make sense of others' actions
-language -norms -values -beliefs -expectations -knowledge -symbols etc |
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scientific ideals of sociology (4)
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1. patterns
2. objectivity 3. validity 4. reliability |
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patterns
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try to make generalizations about natural of social phenomena (point to certain social processes)
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objectivity
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2 ppl looking @ same data/social phenomenon should arrive @ same conclusion
*systematic collection and analysis of data |
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validity
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making sure we're measuring what we think we are, does data accurately capture phenomenon
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reliability
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measuring instrument gives patterned, stable, consistent results
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founders of the field (6)
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1. August Comte
2. Herbert Spencer 3. Karl Marx 4. Emile Durkheim 5. Max Weber 6. WEB DuBois |
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August Comte
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coined term "sociology"
positivism- sociological behavior/events could be measured scientifically |
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Herbert Spencer
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social and natural life arise through evolution, inequality= outcome of natural selection
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Karl Marx
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economic determinism- social interaction determined by wealth production
capitalist vs. proletariat dialectic- change occurs as product of conflict btwn classes |
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Emile Durkheim
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patterns of social behavior
suicide- indicative of sociological phenomena |
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Max Weber
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to understand ppl's behavior, have to understand meaning they attribute to those behaviors
VALUE FREE |
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WEB DuBois
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community/urban studies *sociologists should advocate progressive change
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3 basic camps of sociology
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1. functionalists
2. conflict theorists 3. symbolic interactionists |
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functionalists
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how forces in society work together to maintain order
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conflict theorists (Marx)
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stress idea/role that conflict plays in patterning of social relationships
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symbolic interactionalists
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emphasize role that everyday interactions play in shaping meanings, actions and behaviors
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anomie
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sense of aimlessness or despair that arise when we can't reasonably predict life, too little social regulation
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double consciousness
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2 behavioral scripts
-moving thru world -incorporating external opinions of prejudiced onlookers |
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microsociology
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studies local interactional contexts
-ethnography, participant obs, in depth interviews |
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macrosociology
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studies social dynamics at higher level- across breadth of society
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