Chapter 1 Science Inquiry

Front 1

List the types of scientific investigations

Back 1

Observations, controlled experiments, surveys, trial and error, case studies, and longitudinal studies

Hint 1

There are 6 types

Front 2

Explain what an Observation is

Back 2

Where someone looks for patterns that allow for problems and conclusions

Front 3

Explain Controlled Experiments

Back 3

Where variable relationships are investigated

Front 4

Explain surveys

Back 4

A collection of data on a specific topic that has a large sample, is random, and involves an interview or questionairre

Front 5

Explain what Trial and Error is

Back 5

Continual attempts to solve a problem by recording trials and results over a long period of time

Front 6

Explain case studies

Back 6

An in depth focus on one situation or person

Front 7

Explain longitudinal studies

Back 7

A prolonged case study that can span months or years

Front 8

Describe the scientific method

Back 8

1. Recognise problem. Define question

2. Collect subject information

3. Hypothesis

4. Test hypothesis

5. Analyse and interpret data

6. Conclusion

7. Report

Front 9

What is involved in planning an investigation?

Back 9

Literature reviews, safety, ethics, controlling variables, repetition and replication, validity, and reliability

Front 10

Define uncontrolled variables

Back 10

Variables that are overlooked or unable to be controlled

Front 11

Define repetition

Back 11

The action of repeating of an experiment

Front 12

Define replication

Back 12

Running multiple identical experiments at once or testing on a large number of participants at once

Front 13

What are advantages of replication and repetition?

Back 13

Both create more consistent results, which are more accurate due to larger numbers/amounts of repetition

Front 14

Define validity

Back 14

When a hypothesis is properly tested; when variables are controlled

Front 15

Define reliability

Back 15

How consistently an experiment receives the same result each time it's performed; achieved with accurate equipment

Front 16

Does good reliability or validity create accuracy in an experiment?

Back 16

No

Front 17

What's one way that can be used to test reliability of data?

Back 17

By averaging it

Front 18

Define quantitative data

Back 18

Numerical data

Front 19

Define qualitative data

Back 19

Non-numerical data

Front 20

What is a literature review?

Back 20

When a scientist surveys material on a subject of interest. Found by library research, the internet, and scientific journals. Its purpose is to help define a problem, obtain current knowledge, assess research methods, and relate findings to own interests.

Front 21

For an investigation to be safe, the scientist must:

Back 21

1. Assess investigation design

2. Use safety devices/clothing

3. Find out allergies/health issues

4. Be aware of mental health/trauma/anxieties of participants

Front 22

What sort of ethics should be considered during an investigation?

Back 22

1. Voluntary participation

2. Risk of harm

3. Informed consent

4. Confidentiality

Front 23

Define variable

Back 23

A factor that may be controlled or changed

Front 24

Define independent variable

Back 24

The x variable; deliberately altered to determine its effect

Front 25

Define dependent variable

Back 25

Variable Y; its reactions to changes in the X variable are measured; the variable being tested

Front 26

Define controlled variables

Back 26

Factors that are kept the same to prevent their interference with the subjects being tested

Front 27

Define uncontrolled variables

Back 27

Variables that are overlooked or not able to be controlled

Front 28

Define repetition

Back 28

Repeating an experiment

Front 29

Define replication

Back 29

Running multiple identical experiments at once or testing a large number of participants at once

Front 30

What are the benefits of repeating and replicating experiments?

Back 30

1. More accurate due to a larger number of people/experiments

2. Both demonstrate whether results are consistent

Front 31

Define validity

Back 31

Whether you are properly testing your hypothesis; having controlled variables

Front 32

Define reliability

Back 32

The extent to which you consistently get the same result from an experiment each time it is performed; having accurate equipment

Front 33

Are reliable and valid tests necessarily accurate?

Back 33

No

Front 34

How would you explain reliability being maintained in the data?

Back 34

By finding the average