Chapter 1 Review

Front 1

Act of Toleration

Back 1

Act passed in Maryland in 1649 - granted freedom of worship to all Christians

Front 2

Anne Hutchinson

Back 2

Massachusetts Bay colonist, banished from Massachusetts for heresy

Front 3

Anglican Church

Back 3

Church of England, started by Henry VIII, strong in the Southern Colonies, second largest church in America

Front 4

Bacon's Rebellion

Back 4

Headed by Nathaniel Bacon, Jamestown was burned; first colonial rebellion against British policy, caused by indentured servant system

Front 5

Board of Trade and Plantations

Back 5

Chief body in England for governing the colonies

Front 6

Puritans (Congregationalists)

Back 6

Sought to purify the Church of England because it retained too many Catholic ideas; believed in predestination, strong in New England, very intolerant of other religious groups

Front 7

Dominion of New England

Back 7

Attempt to combine all the New England colonies under one governor; dissolved after Glorious Revolution in England

Front 8

Edmund Andros

Back 8

Unpopular governor of the Dominion of New England

Front 9

First Great Awakening

Back 9

Religious revival in the colonies in the 1730's and 40's; headed by George Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards; they preached of atonement for sins by confession; this movement was in response to growing secularism and rationalism

Front 10

Halfway Covenant

Back 10

Children born to non-members of the Puritan church could be baptized, but could not take communion or vote in gov't / church affairs

Front 11

Headright System

Back 11

Attracted settlers to colonial America; the more people a man brought over to the colonies, the more land he was granted

Front 12

House of Burgesses

Back 12

The first popularly elected legislative assembly in America

Front 13

Indentured Servants

Back 13

"Rented slaves"; precursor to actual slavery; served 4-7 years then were freed

Front 14

Jonathan Edwards

Back 14

Puritan minister who co-led the Great Awakening; wrote "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"

Front 15

John Smith

Back 15

Saved Jamestown, imposed work and order in the settlement during its critical first years

Front 16

John Winthrop

Back 16

Puritan leader who created the "city on a hill" ideal

Front 17

Mayflower Compact

Back 17

Written agreement to create a government in Plymouth; precursor to charters and constitutions

Front 18

Mercantilism

Back 18

Economic doctrine that called for the mother country to dominate and regulate its colonies; a nation could only profit at the expense of another; fixed trade patters, kept high tarriffs, discouraged colonial manufacturing

Front 19

Navigation Acts

Back 19

English laws to enforce Mercantilism

Front 20

Roger Williams

Back 20

Excommunicated and banished from the Puritan Church for calling for separation between the church and state; later founded Rhode Island

Front 21

Salem Witchhunt

Back 21

Period of hysteria in the late 1600's when teenage girls accused others of witchcraft; 19 were executed and hundreds imprisoned

Front 22

Salutary Neglect

Back 22

British colonial policy until 1763; very little interference with the colonies, who thrived and prospered with this lack of control

Front 23

Quakers (Society of Friends)

Back 23

Founded by George Fox; believed in a distinct, individual experience with God; strongly opposed to the Anglican and Puritan churches; William Penn established Pennsylvania as a haven for them

Front 24

Stono Rebellion

Back 24

Slave rebellion in South Carolina; crushed quickly, and used as an example to other slaves considering rebellion

Front 25

Theocracy

Back 25

Government organized and administered by the church; example of this is the Puritan Church in the Massachusetts Bay colony

Front 26

William Penn

Back 26

Established Pennsylvania as a haven for Quakers; Pennsylvania was very tolerant religiously