Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is a theory and what does a good one do?
|
It is an orderley integrated set of statements that describes, explains and predicts behaviour
|
|
|
A theories existent depends on what?
|
scientific verification
|
|
|
What is the difference between continous and discontinous development?
|
Continuous development is gradual changes whilst discontinous development occurs in stages and at certain times.
|
|
|
What is stability?
|
That individuals who are high or low on a certain characteristic will retain these characteristics at a later age
|
|
|
What are the 8 major periods of human development?
|
Prenatal
Infancy and toddlerhood Middle Childhood Adolescence |
|
|
What four factors make up the lifespan perspective?
|
1. Development is lifelong
2. Development is multidimensional and multidirectional 3. Development is plastic 3. Development is affected by multiple interacting forces |
|
|
With in each developmental period, what four domainds are affected?
|
physical, cognitive, emotional, and social
|
|
|
What are age graded influences?
|
Developments that occur normally at a certain age
|
|
|
What are history graded influences?
|
Developments influences by the historical cohort an individual is born in
|
|
|
What are non-normative influences?
|
Irregular events that occur to the individual that influence development (i.e losing a leg)
|
|
|
What is more powerful than age graded influences?
|
Non-normative events
|
|
|
What is the "maturational process?"
|
A set of genetically predetermined events that unfold automatically
|
|
|
According to the psychoanalytical perspective, how do people develop?
|
People move through a series of stages in which they confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations. How these conflicts are resolved determines the persons ability to learn to get along with others and cope with anxiety
|
|
|
What is Freud's psychosexual theory?
|
Theory that emphasixes that how parents manage their childs sexual and aggresive drives in the first few years is crucial for healthy personality development
|
|
|
At what age do individuals develop a superego?
|
3-6 years
|
|
|
Describe the id, ego and superego
|
id - basic biological needs and desires
ego - moral force, conscious rational part of personality - emerges in early infancy to redirect the id's impulses superego - conscience - states we must conform to societies values - mediates between the id and ego |
|
|
Describe operant conditioning?
|
frequency of behaviour can be increased by applying reinforcers whilst behaviour can be decreased by applying punishers
|
|
|
What does Bandura's social learning theory emphasize?
|
imitation of others and observational learning
|
|
|
What are piagets 4 stages of development?
|
Sensorimotor - Birth to 2 years
Pre-operational stage - 2 to 7 years Concrete Operational Stage - 7-11 years Formal operational stage - 11 years onwards |
|
|
What does Vgotsky's sociocultural theory emphasise?
|
It focuses on how culture is transmited to the next generation. Vgostky said that social interaction is nevessary for children to acquire the ways of thinking and behaving that make up a communities culture
|
|
|
How did Piaget and Vgotsky differ in their views?
|
Piaget emphasized childrens independant efforts whilst Vgotsky stressed that children needed assistance from parents and adult peers as they tackled new challenges.
|
|
|
Give an example of a microsystem, exosystem and macrosystem
|
Micro - immediate family, school
Exo -Extended family, work place, community health servioces, friends and neighbours |
|
|
What is Bronfenners ecological systems theory?
|
It sates that the person develops within a complx system of relationships affected by the multiple levels of the environment that they are develping in
|
|
|
What is an ethnography?
|
Descriptive, qualitative research technique that attempts to understand a culture or a distinct social group.
|
|
|
What is a seqential design?
|
Researcher conducts several similar cross sectional or longitudinal designs
|
|
|
What are the strengths and weaknesses of a cross sectional design?
|
Can make longitudinal and cross-sectional comparisons - if similar we can be confidant about findings
Can find out whether cohort effects occur by comparing particants of the same age but were born in different years. |
