Chapter 1 Of Bio

Front 1

Atom... whats an example?

Back 1

The smallest chemicalunit of a type of puresubstance (element).

Example: Carbon atom

Front 2

Molecule...what's an example?

Back 2

A group of joined atoms.

Example: DNA

Front 3

Organelle.. whats an example?

Back 3

A membrane-boundedstructure that has a specificfunction within a cell.

Example: Chloroplast

Front 4

Cell.. whats an example?

Back 4

The fundamental unit of life.

Example: Leaf cell

Front 5

Tissue.. what is an example?

Back 5

A collection of specialized cells that function in a coordinated fashion.

Example: Epidermis of leaf

Front 6

Organ.. whats an example?

Back 6

A structure consisting of tissues organized to interact and carry out specific functions.

Example: Leaf

Front 7

Organ system.. whats an example?

Back 7

Organs connected physically or chemicallythat function together.

Example: Aboveground part of a plant

Front 8

Organism.. whats an example?

Back 8

A single living individual.

Example: One acacia tree

Front 9

Population.. whats an example?

Back 9

A group of the same species of organismliving in the same place and time.

Example: Multiple acacia trees

Front 10

Community.. whats an example?

Back 10

All populations that occupy the same region.

Example: All populationsin a savanna

Front 11

Ecosystem.. whats an example?

Back 11

The living and nonliving components of an area.

Example: The savanna

Front 12

Biosphere

Back 12

The global ecosystem; the parts of the planet and its atmosphere where life is possible

Front 13

Emergent properties

Back 13

Memories; arise at each level of biological organization. The components interact, and the whole is greater than the sum of the parts.

Front 14

Producers

Back 14

extract energy and nutrients from the nonliving environment.

Front 15

Consumers

Back 15

obtain energy and nutrients by eating other organisms.

Front 16

Decomposers

Back 16

are consumersthat obtain nutrients from deadorganisms and organic wastes.

Front 17

Heterotrophz.. what's an example

Back 17

an organism deriving its nutritional requirements from complex organic substances.

Example: You are a heterotroph. Your dog, cat, bird, fish, etc. are all heterotrophs too because you all depend on other organisms as an energy source.

Front 18

Autotroph.. whats an example?

Back 18

an organism that is able to form nutritional organic substances from simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide.

Example: plants, algae, and even some bacteria

Front 19

Homeostasis

Back 19

the process by which a cell or organism maintains internal equilibrium.

Front 20

Asexual reproductive

Back 20

only one parent is involved and the offspring are genetically identical to the parent.

Front 21

Sexual reproduction

Back 21

two parents are involved and the offspring are genetically different from the parent.

Front 22

Offspring genetics

Back 22

When they are identical to their parents

Front 23

Adaptation

Back 23

any change in the structure or behavior of a species which helps it to become better fitted to survive and reproduce in its environment.

Front 24

Natural selection

Back 24

the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. The theory of its action was first fully expounded by Charles Darwin and is now believed to be the main process that brings about evolution

Front 25

Evolution

Back 25

the process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth.

Front 26

The tree of life include how many?

What are they

Back 26

3 main branches (domain)

Domain BacteriaDomain ArchaeaDomain Eukarya

Front 27

Taxonomy

Back 27

name and classify organisms

Front 28

Species

Back 28

a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding.

Front 29

Genus

Back 29

category that ranks above species and below family

Front 30

Domain

Back 30

Are divided into kingdoms

Front 31

Bacteria (Prokaryote)

Back 31

Cells lack nuclei (prokaryotic)

Most are unicellular

Front 32

Archaea (Prokaryote)

Back 32

Cells lack nuclei

Most are unicellular

Front 33

Eukarya

Back 33

organisms with cells that contain a nucleus as well as membrane-bound organelles. The kingdoms most associated with Eukarya are the Plantae, Animalia, and Fungi kingdoms.

Front 34

What are the kingdoms?

Back 34

Animalia (Eukarya)Plantae (Eukarya)Fungi (Eukarya)Protista (Eukarya)

Front 35

What is the scientific method?

Back 35

1. Make observations

2. Ask a question

3. Consult prior knowledge

4. Formulate a hypothesis

5. Make a prediction

6. Collect and interpret data

7. Consult prior knowledge

8. Draw conclusions

9. Peer review

10. Publish

Front 36

Hypothesis

Back 36

a tentative explanation for observations—a testable idea of how to answer a question.

Front 37

Prediction

Back 37

allow you to test the hypothesis in a controlled experiment.

Front 38

Peer review

Back 38

journal's editors send the article to several other scientists who work in the same field

Front 39

Experiment

Back 39

a scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact

Front 40

Sample size

Back 40

we understand a group of subjects that is selected from the general population and is considered a representative of the true population for that specific study.

Front 41

Variable

Back 41

any factor, trait, or condition that can exist in differing amounts or types. An experiment usually has three kinds of variables: independent, dependent, and controlled.

Front 42

Independent variable

Back 42

what is manipulated

Ex. Type of coffe bean

Front 43

Dependent variable

Back 43

what is measured

Ex. Amount of caffeine

Front 44

Standardized variable

Back 44

held constant for all subjects in an experiment

Ex. Mass of beans

Front 45

Control group

Back 45

baseline used for comparison

Ex. coffee beans from plants that have been treated with only water

Front 46

Placebo

Back 46

Placebos are substances that are made to resemble drugs but do not contain an active drug.

Front 47

Experimental group

Back 47

may or may not show different results from the control group

Ex. coffee beans from plants that have been treated with extra fertilizers

Front 48

Statistically significant

Back 48

when the set is large enough to accurately represent the phenomenon or population sample being studied

Front 49

Theory

Back 49

a broad explanation for a natural phenomenon.

Front 50

The orchid and the moth

Back 50

When Charles Darwin saw the nectar tubes on these orchids, he predicted that a moth with an equally long tongue must exist. He based this prediction on his theory of evolution.