Chapter 1 Kinesiology

Front 1

anterior

Back 1

in front or in the front part

Front 2

anteroinferior

Back 2

in front and below

Front 3

anterolateral

Back 3

in front and to the outside

Front 4

anteromedial

Back 4

in front and toward the inner side or midline.

Front 5

anteroposterior

Back 5

Relating to both front and rear

Front 6

Anteriosuperior

Back 6

in front and above.

Front 7

bilateral

Back 7

Relating to the right and left sides of the body or of a body structure such as the right and left extremities

Front 8

caudal

Back 8

below in relation to another structure, inferior.

Front 9

cephalic

Back 9

above in relation to another structure; higher, superior.

Front 10

Contralateral

Back 10

Pertaining or relating to the opposite side.

Front 11

Deep

Back 11

beneath or below the surface; used to describe relative depth or location of muscles or tissue.

Front 12

Dexter

Back 12

Relating to, or situated to the right or on the right side of, something.

Front 13

Distal

Back 13

Situated away from the center or midline of the body, or away from the point of origin.

Front 14

Dordal

Back 14

Relating to the back, being or located near, on, or toward the back, posterior part, or upper surface of; also relating to the top of the foot.

Front 15

Fibular

Back 15

Relating to the fibular (lateral) side of the lower extremity

Front 16

inferior (infra)

Back 16

below in relation to another structure; caudal

Front 17

inferolateral

Back 17

below and to the outside

Front 18

Inferomedial

Back 18

Below and toward the midline or inside.

Front 19

Ipsilateral

Back 19

on the same side

Front 20

lateral

Back 20

On or to the side, outside, farther from the median or midsagittal plane

Front 21

Medial

Back 21

Relating to the middle or center; near to the median or midsagittal plane

Front 22

Median

Back 22

Relating to, located in, or extending toward the middle, situated in the middle, medial.

Front 23

Palmar

Back 23

Relating to the palm or volar aspect of the hand.

Front 24

plantar

Back 24

Relating to the sole or under surface of the foot

Front 25

posterior

Back 25

behind, in back,or in the rear

Front 26

posteroinferior

Back 26

behind or in back and below.

Front 27

posterolateral

Back 27

Behind and to one side, specifically to the outside.

Front 28

Posteromedial

Back 28

Behind and to the inner side

Front 29

postetosuperior

Back 29

behind or in back and above.

Front 30

Prone

Back 30

Face downward position of the body; laying on the stomach

Front 31

Proximal

Back 31

Nearest the trunk or the point of origin

Front 32

Radial

Back 32

Relating to the radial (lateral) side of the forearm or hand

Front 33

Scapular plane

Back 33

In line with the normal resting position of the scapula as it lies on the posterior rib cage; movements in the scapular plane are in line with the scapular, which is at an angle of 30 to 45 degrees from the frontal plane

Front 34

Sinister

Back 34

Relating to, or situated to the left or on the left side of, something

Front 35

Superficial

Back 35

Near the surface used to describe relative depth or location of muscles or tissue

Front 36

Superior (supra)

Back 36

Above in relation to another structure; higher, cephalic

Front 37

Superolateral

Back 37

Above and to the outside

Front 38

Superomedial

Back 38

Above and toward the midline or inside

Front 39

Supine

Back 39

Face upward position of the body; lying on the back

Front 40

Tibial

Back 40

Relating to the tibial (medial) side of the lower extremity.

Front 41

Ulnar

Back 41

Relating to the ulnar (medial) side of the forearm or hand.

Front 42

Ventral

Back 42

Relating to the belly or abdomen, on or toward the front,anterior part of

Front 43

Volar

Back 43

relating to palm of the hand or sole of the foot.

Front 44

Anteversion

Back 44

Abnormal or excessive rotation forward of a structure such as femoral anteversion

Front 45

Kyphosis

Back 45

Increased curving of the spine outward or backward in the sagittal plane

Front 46

Lordosis

Back 46

Increased curving of the spine inward or forward in the sagittal plane

Front 47

Recurvatum

Back 47

Bending backward, as in knee hyperextension

Front 48

Retroversion

Back 48

Abnormal or excessive rotation backward of a structure, such as femoral retroversion

Front 49

Scoliosis

Back 49

lateral curving of the spine

Front 50

valgus

Back 50

Outward angulation of the distal segment of a bone or joint as in knock_knees

Front 51

Varus

Back 51

Inward angulation of the distal segment of a bone or joint, as in Bowlegs.

Front 52

bone properties

Back 52

Calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, collagen, and water are the basis of bone composition.

Front 53

Cortical bone

Back 53

Is harder and more compact, with only about 5 percent to 30 percent of its volume being porous, with non mineralized tissue.

Front 54

Cancellous bone

Back 54

Is spongy, with around 30% to 90% of its volume being porous.

Front 55

Arthrosis

Back 55

Joint

Front 56

3 classifications by joint structure

Back 56

Fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial.

Front 57

3 Joint functional classification

Back 57

Synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, and diarthrosis.

Front 58

synarthrodial joints

Back 58

Innumerable, structurally, these articulations are divided into two types: suture, gomphosis.

Front 59

Suture joints

Back 59

Found in the sutures of the cranial bones. The sutures of the skull are truly immovable beyond infancy.

Front 60

Gomphosis joint

Back 60

Found in the sockets of the teeth. The socket of a tooth is often referred to as gomphosis. Normally, there should be essentially no movement of the teeth in the mandible or maxilla.

Front 61

amphiarthrodial joints

Back 61

Slightly movable joint. Structurally, oceans are divided into three types: syndesmosis, symphysis, synchondrosis.

Front 62

Syndesmosis joint

Back 62

type of joint held together by strong ligamentous structures that allow minimal movement between the bones. Examples are the coracoclavicular joint and the inferior tibiofibular joint.

Front 63

symphysis

Back 63

Type of joint separated by a fibrocartilage pad that allows very slight movement between the bones. Examples are the symphysis pubis and the intervertebral disks.

Front 64

synchondrosis

Back 64

type of joint separated by hyaline cartilage that allows very slight movement between the bones. Examples are the costrochondral joints of the ribs with the sternum.

Front 65

diathrodial joints

Back 65

Freely movable joints. Also known as synovial joints.

Front 66

Joint capsule

Back 66

surround the bony ends forming the joints.

Front 67

Joint cavity

Back 67

the ligamentous capsule is wine with us in vascular synovial capsule that secretes synovial fluid to lubricate the area inside the joint capsule known as the joint cavity.

Front 68

enarthrodial

Back 68

Ball and socket joint

Front 69

ginglymus

Back 69

Hinge joint

Front 70

sellar

Back 70

Saddle joint

Front 71

trochoidal

Back 71

Pivot joint

Front 72

arthrodial

Back 72

Gliding joint

Front 73

Condyloidal

Back 73

Ellipsoid joint

Front 74

Abduction

Back 74

Lateral movement away from the midline of the trunk in the frontal plane.

Front 75

Adduction

Back 75

Movement medially toward the midline of the trunk in the frontal plane.

Front 76

Flexion

Back 76

Bending movement that results in a decrease of the angle in a joint by bringing bones together, usually in the sagittal plane.

Front 77

Extension

Back 77

Straightening movement that results in an increase of the angle in a joint by moving bones apart, usually in the sagittal plane.

Front 78

Circumduction

Back 78

Circular movement of a limb that delineates an arc or describes a cone. It is a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, adduction. Sometimes referred to as circomflexion.

Front 79

diagonal abduction

Back 79

Movement by a limb through a diagonal plane away from the midline of the body, such as in the hip or glenohumeral joint.

Front 80

Diagonal adduction

Back 80

movement by a limb through a diagonal plane toward and across the midline of the body, such as in the hip or glenohumeral joint.

Front 81

External rotation

Back 81

Rotary movement around the longitudinal axis of a bone away from the midline of the body. Occurs in the transverse plane and is also known as rotation laterally, outward rotation, and lateral rotation.

Front 82

Internal rotation

Back 82

In rotary movement around the longitudinal axis of a bone toward the midline of the body. Occurs in the transverse plane and is also known as rotation medially , inward rotation, and medial rotation.

Front 83

Eversion

Back 83

Turning the sole of the foot outward or laterally in the frontal plane; Abduction.

Front 84

Inversion

Back 84

Turning the sole of the foot inward or medially in the frontal plane; adduction.

Front 85

Dorsiflexion or dorsal flexion

Back 85

Flexion movement of the ankle that results in the top of the foot moving toward the anterior tibia in the sagittal plane.

Front 86

Plantar flexion

Back 86

Extension movement of the ankle that results in the foot and / or toes moving away from the body in the sagittal plane.

Front 87

Pronation

Back 87

the position of a foot and ankle resulting from a combination of ankle dorsiflexion, subtalar eversion , and forefoot abduction (toe-in).

Front 88

Supination

Back 88

A position of the foot and ankle resulting from a combination of ankle plantar flexion, subtalar inversion, and forefoot adduction (toe-in).

Front 89

Depression

Back 89

Inferior movement of the shoulder girdle in the frontal plane. An example is returning to the normal position from a shoulder shrug.

Front 90

Elevation

Back 90

Superior movement of the shoulder girdle in the frontal plane. an example is shrugging my shoulders.

Front 91

Protraction ( abduction)

Back 91

Forward movement of the shoulder girdle in a horizontal plane away from the spine.

Front 92

Retraction (adduction)

Back 92

Backward movement of the shoulder girl in a horizontal plane toward the spine.

Front 93

Rotation downward

Back 93

Rotary movement of the scapula in the frontal plane with inferior angle of the scapula moving medially and downward.

Front 94

Rotation upward

Back 94

Rotary movement of the scapula in the frontal plane with the interior angle of the scapula moving laterally and upward.

Front 95

Horizontal adduction

Back 95

Movement of the humerus or femur in the horizontal plane toward the midline of the body. Also known as horizontal flexion or transverse adducation

Front 96

Horizontal abduction

Back 96

movement of the humerus or femur in the horizontal plane away from the midline of the body. Also known as a horizontal extension or transverse abduction.

Front 97

scaption

Back 97

Movement of the humerus away from the body in the scapular plane. Glenohumeral abduction in a plane 35 degrees to 45 degrees between the sagittal and frontal plane.

Front 98

Lateral flexion (side bending)

Back 98

Movement of the head and / or trunk in the frontal plane laterally away from the midline. Abduction of the spine.

Front 99

Reduction

Back 99

return of the spinal column in the frontal plane to the anatomic position from lateral flexion. Adduction of the spine.

Front 100

Dorsiflexion also known as dorsal flexion

Back 100

Extension movement of the wrist in the sagittal plane with the dorsal or posterior side of the hand moving towards the posterior side of the forearm.

Front 101

Palmar flexion

Back 101

Flexion movement of the wrist in the sagittal plane with the volar or anterior side of the hand moving toward the anterior side of the forearm.

Front 102

Radial flexion or radial deviation

Back 102

Abduction movement of the wrist in the frontal plane of the thumb side of the hand towards the lateral forearm.

Front 103

Ulnar flexion or owner deviation

Back 103

adduction movement at the wrist in the frontal plane of the little finger side of the hand toward the medial forearm.

Front 104

Opposition of the thumb

Back 104

Diagonal movement of the thumb across the palmar surface of the hand to make contact with the fingers.

Front 105

Reposition of the thumb

Back 105

Diagonal movement of the thumb as it returns to the anatomical position from opposition with the hand and / or fingers.

Front 106

osteokinematic motion

Back 106

The motion of the bones relative to the 3 Cardinal planes resulting from these physiological movements.

Front 107

Accessory motions of arthrokinematics

Back 107

Spin, roll, and glide

Front 108

synarthrodial

Back 108

Immovable joints. Suture such as skull sutures.

Front 109

amphiarthrodial

Back 109

Slightly movable joints. Allow a slight amount of motion to occur. Examples would be syndesmosis, synchondrosis, and symphysis.

Front 110

Syndesmosis

Back 110

Two bones join together by strong ligament or an interosseous membrane that allows minimal movement between the bones.

Front 111

synchondrosis

Back 111

Type of joint separated by hyaline cartilage that allows very slight movement between the bones

Hint 111

Example joints of the ribs with the sternum, costochondral.

Front 112

Symphysis

Back 112

When separated by fibrocartilage pad that allows very slight movement between the bones. Example would be symphysis pubis and intervertebral discs.

Front 113

Diarthrodial joints

Back 113

Known as synovial joints. Freely movable. Composed of sleeve like joint capsule. Secretes synovial fluid to lubricate joint activity.