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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Atom
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the fundamental building blocks of matter
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Molecules
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two or more atoms joined in a specific geometric arrangement
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Antoine Lavoisier
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french chemist who observed the Law of conservation of mass
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Hypothesis
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a tentative interpretation or explanation of an observation
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Experiments
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a controlled procedure designed to generate observations
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Scientific law
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a statement that summarizes past observations and predicts future ones
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Law of conservation of mass
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matter is neither created nor destroyed in a closed reaction
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Theory
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a model for the way nature is and tries to explain what nature does
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Atomic theory
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matter is composed of small particles called atoms
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John Dalton
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observed the Law of conservation of mass, the atomic theory and others
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Scientific method
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Based on observations, creating hypothesis and using experiments to test them
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Matter
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anything that occupies space and has mass
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Substance
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a specific instance of matter ie. air, water, sand
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State
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the physical for of matter ie. solid, liquid, gas
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Composition
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the basic components that make up matter
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Solid state
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atoms packed close together in a fixed position
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Crystalline
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solids where the atoms or molecules are arranged in a specific repeating geometric pattern
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Amorphous solid
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solids where the atoms or molecules do not have a long term pattern
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Liquid state
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atoms packed close together with the freedom to move relative to each other
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Gas state
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atoms have a lot of space and freedom to move relative to one another
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Pure substance
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made up of only one component and it composition is invariant(same in all samples)
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Mixture
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composed of two or more components and vary from one sample to another
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Element
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a substance that cant be chemically broken down into smaller substances ie everything on the periodic table
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Compound
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a substance composed on two or more compounds
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Heterogeneous mixture
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a mixture which the composition varies from one region to another
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Homogeneous mixture
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a mixture where the composition is the same from one region to another
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decanting
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carefully pouring off the "liquid" from the "solid"
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Distillation
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heating a substance to boil off the easily vaporized liquid
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Volatile
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easily vaporized liquid
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Filtration
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pouring a liquid through a filter paper in a funnel
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Physical change
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a change where the atoms or molecules do not change there identity
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Chemical change
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a change where the atoms or molecules transform into different substances
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Physical property
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a property that a substance displays with out changing its composition
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Chemical property
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a property that a substance displays only by changing its composition via a chemical change
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Energy
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the capacity to do work
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Work
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the action of a force through distance
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Kinetic energy
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the energy associated with an objects motion
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Potential energy
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the energy associated with an object position or composition
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Thermal energy
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the energy associated with an objects temperature
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Law of conservation of energy
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energy is neither created nor destroyed
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Standard Units (SI)
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length, mass, time, temperature
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F to C equation
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(F - 32)/1.8
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Equation for Density
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d=m/v
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Intensive property
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one that is independent of the amount of the substance
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Extensive property
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one that is depended on the amount of the substance
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Accuracy
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how close the measured amount is to the actual amount
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Precision
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how close a series of measures are to each other
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Dimensional analysis
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using units as a guide to solving problems
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Conversion factor
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a fractional quantity with the units we are converting from on the bottom to the units we are going to on top
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