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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Composed of a long cylindrical shaft with relatively wide, protruding ends. shaft contains the medullary canal
Ex. phalanges, metatarsals, metacarpals, tibia, fibula, femur, radius, ulna, & humeru |
Long bones
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Small, cubical shaped, solid bones that usually have a proportionally large articular surface in order to articulate with more than one bone
Ex. are carpals & tarsals |
Short Bones
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Usually have a curved surface & vary from thick where tendons attach to very thin
Ex. ilium, ribs, sternum, clavicle, & scapula |
Flat bones
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Include bones throughout entire spine & ischium, pubis, & maxilla
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Irregular bones
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long cylindrical shaft
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Diaphysis
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hard, dense compact bone forming walls of diaphysis
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Cortex
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dense, fibrous membrane covering outer surface of diaphysis
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Periosteum
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fibrous membrane that lines the inside of the cortex
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Endosteum
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between walls of diaphysis, containing yellow or fatty marrow
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Medullary (marrow) cavity
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ends of long bones formed from cancelleous (spongy or trabecular) bone
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Epiphysis
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Movement by a limb through a diagonal plane toward and across midline of body
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Diagonal adduction
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Rotary movement around longitudinal axis of a bone away from midline of body
Occurs in transverse plane a.k.a. rotation laterally, outward rotation, & lateral rotation GENERAL Internal rotation Rotary movement around longitudinal axis of a bone toward midline of body Occurs in transverse plane a.k.a. rotation medially, inward rotation, & medial rotation |
External rotation
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Rotary movement around longitudinal axis of a bone toward midline of body
Occurs in transverse plane a.k.a. rotation medially, inward rotation, & medial rotation |
Internal rotation
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Turning sole of foot outward or laterally
Standing on inner edge of foot |
Eversion
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Turning sole of foot inward or medially
Standing on outer edge of foot |
Inversion
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Flexion movement of ankle that results in top of foot moving toward the surface of the anterior tibia bone
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Dorsal flexion
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Extension movement of ankle that results in foot moving away from body
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Plantar flexion
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Internally rotating radius where it lies diagonally across ulna, resulting in palm-down position of forearm
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Pronation
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Externally rotating radius where it lies parallel to ulna, resulting in palm-up position of forearm
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Supination
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Inferior movement of shoulder girdle
returning to normal position from a shoulder shrug |
Depression
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Abduction movement at wrist of thumb side of hand toward forearm
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Radial flexion (radial deviation)
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Adduction movement at wrist of little finger side of hand toward forearm
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Ulnar flexion (ulnar deviation)
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Opposition of the thumb
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Diagonal movement of thumb across palmar surface of hand to make contact with fingers
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Immovable joints
May be covered with cartilage Example: Suture Joints between skull bones Gomphosis Tooth fitting into mandible or maxilla |
Synarthrodial
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Slightly movable joints
Allow a slight amount of motion to occur Three major classifications according to structure & movement characteristics Syndesmosis Synchondrosis Symphysis |
Amphiarthrodial
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Two bones joined together by a strong ligament or an interosseus membrane that allows minimal movement between the bones
Bones may or may not touch each other at the actual joint Ex. Coracoclavicular joint, distal tibiofibular joint |
Syndesmosis
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Type of joint separated by hyaline cartilage that allows very slight movement between the bones
Ex. Costochondral joints |
Synchondrosis
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Joint separated by a fibrocartilage pad that allows very slight movement between the bones
Ex. Symphysis Pubis & intervertebral discs |
Symphysis
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Functions
1.Absorbs shock 2.Protect the bone "covers all articular surfaces" |
Hyaline cartilage
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Functions
1.Absorbs synovial fluid during joint unloading or distraction 2.Secretes synovial fluid during subsequent weight bearing & compression 3.Some diarthrodial joints have specialized fibrocartilage disks |
Joint capsule
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motion in 1 plane
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1% of freedom
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motion in 2 planes
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2% of freedom
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motion in 3 planes
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3% of freedom
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Multi-axial articulation
Bony surfaces butt against each other Little motion possible in any individual joint articulation Usually work together in series of articulations |
Arthrodial (Gliding) joints
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Ex. Vertebral facets in spinal column, intercarpal & intertarsal joints
Motions are flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, diagonal abd/adduction, rotation, and circumduction |
Arthrodial (Gliding) joints
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A uni-axial articulation
Articular surfaces allow motion in only one plane *Ex. Elbow, knee, talocrural (ankle) |
Ginglymus (Hinge) joint
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Uni-axial articulation
*Ex. atlantoaxial joint, proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints |
Trochoid (Pivot) joint
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Bi-axial articulation
Ball and socket joint One bone with an oval concave surface received by another bone with an oval convex surface |
Condyloid (Knuckle Joint)
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EX. 2nd, 3rd, 4th, & 5th metacarpophalangeal or knuckles joints, wrist articulation between carpals & radius
Flexion, extension, abduction & adduction (circumducti |
Condyloid (Knuckle Joint)
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Multi-axial
Ball and socket joint Bony rounded head fitting into a concave articular surface |
Enarthrodial
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Ex. Hip & shoulder joint
Motions are flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, diagonal abduction & adduction, rotation, and circumduction |
Enarthrodial
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Unique tri-axial joint
2 reciprocally concave & convex articular surfaces Only example is 1st carpometacarpal joint at thumb Flexion, extension, adduction & abduction, circumduction & slight rotation |
Sellar (Saddle) Joint
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