Chapter 1 Key Facts (Applied Kinesiology)Part 2

Front 1

Composed of a long cylindrical shaft with relatively wide, protruding ends. shaft contains the medullary canal
Ex. phalanges, metatarsals, metacarpals, tibia, fibula, femur, radius, ulna, & humeru

Back 1

Long bones

Front 2

Small, cubical shaped, solid bones that usually have a proportionally large articular surface in order to articulate with more than one bone
Ex. are carpals & tarsals

Back 2

Short Bones

Front 3

Usually have a curved surface & vary from thick where tendons attach to very thin
Ex. ilium, ribs, sternum, clavicle, & scapula

Back 3

Flat bones

Front 4

Include bones throughout entire spine & ischium, pubis, & maxilla

Back 4

Irregular bones

Front 5

long cylindrical shaft

Back 5

Diaphysis

Front 6

hard, dense compact bone forming walls of diaphysis

Back 6

Cortex

Front 7

dense, fibrous membrane covering outer surface of diaphysis

Back 7

Periosteum

Front 8

fibrous membrane that lines the inside of the cortex

Back 8

Endosteum

Front 9

between walls of diaphysis, containing yellow or fatty marrow

Back 9

Medullary (marrow) cavity

Front 10

ends of long bones formed from cancelleous (spongy or trabecular) bone

Back 10

Epiphysis

Front 11

Movement by a limb through a diagonal plane toward and across midline of body

Back 11

Diagonal adduction

Front 12

Rotary movement around longitudinal axis of a bone away from midline of body
Occurs in transverse plane
a.k.a. rotation laterally, outward rotation, & lateral rotation
GENERAL
Internal rotation
Rotary movement around longitudinal axis of a bone toward midline of body
Occurs in transverse plane
a.k.a. rotation medially, inward rotation, & medial rotation

Back 12

External rotation

Front 13

Rotary movement around longitudinal axis of a bone toward midline of body
Occurs in transverse plane
a.k.a. rotation medially, inward rotation, & medial rotation

Back 13

Internal rotation

Front 14

Turning sole of foot outward or laterally
Standing on inner edge of foot

Back 14

Eversion

Front 15

Turning sole of foot inward or medially
Standing on outer edge of foot

Back 15

Inversion

Front 16

Flexion movement of ankle that results in top of foot moving toward the surface of the anterior tibia bone

Back 16

Dorsal flexion

Front 17

Extension movement of ankle that results in foot moving away from body

Back 17

Plantar flexion

Front 18

Internally rotating radius where it lies diagonally across ulna, resulting in palm-down position of forearm

Back 18

Pronation

Front 19

Externally rotating radius where it lies parallel to ulna, resulting in palm-up position of forearm

Back 19

Supination

Front 20

Inferior movement of shoulder girdle
returning to normal position from a shoulder shrug

Back 20

Depression

Front 21

Abduction movement at wrist of thumb side of hand toward forearm

Back 21

Radial flexion (radial deviation)

Front 22

Adduction movement at wrist of little finger side of hand toward forearm

Back 22

Ulnar flexion (ulnar deviation)

Front 23

Opposition of the thumb

Back 23

Diagonal movement of thumb across palmar surface of hand to make contact with fingers

Front 24

Immovable joints
May be covered with cartilage
Example:
Suture
Joints between skull bones
Gomphosis
Tooth fitting into mandible or maxilla

Back 24

Synarthrodial

Front 25

Slightly movable joints
Allow a slight amount of motion to occur
Three major classifications according to structure & movement characteristics
Syndesmosis
Synchondrosis
Symphysis

Back 25

Amphiarthrodial

Front 26

Two bones joined together by a strong ligament or an interosseus membrane that allows minimal movement between the bones
Bones may or may not touch each other at the actual joint
Ex. Coracoclavicular joint, distal tibiofibular joint

Back 26

Syndesmosis

Front 27

Type of joint separated by hyaline cartilage that allows very slight movement between the bones
Ex. Costochondral joints

Back 27

Synchondrosis

Front 28

Joint separated by a fibrocartilage pad that allows very slight movement between the bones
Ex. Symphysis Pubis & intervertebral discs

Back 28

Symphysis

Front 29

Functions
1.Absorbs shock
2.Protect the bone
"covers all articular surfaces"

Back 29

Hyaline cartilage

Front 30

Functions
1.Absorbs synovial fluid during joint unloading or distraction
2.Secretes synovial fluid during subsequent weight bearing & compression
3.Some diarthrodial joints have specialized fibrocartilage disks

Back 30

Joint capsule

Front 31

motion in 1 plane

Back 31

1% of freedom

Front 32

motion in 2 planes

Back 32

2% of freedom

Front 33

motion in 3 planes

Back 33

3% of freedom

Front 34

Multi-axial articulation
Bony surfaces butt against each other
Little motion possible in any individual joint articulation
Usually work together in series of articulations

Back 34

Arthrodial (Gliding) joints

Front 35

Ex. Vertebral facets in spinal column, intercarpal & intertarsal joints
Motions are flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, diagonal abd/adduction, rotation, and circumduction

Back 35

Arthrodial (Gliding) joints

Front 36

A uni-axial articulation
Articular surfaces allow motion in only one plane
*Ex. Elbow, knee, talocrural (ankle)

Back 36

Ginglymus (Hinge) joint

Front 37

Uni-axial articulation
*Ex. atlantoaxial joint, proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints

Back 37

Trochoid (Pivot) joint

Front 38

Bi-axial articulation
Ball and socket joint
One bone with an oval concave surface received by another bone with an oval convex surface

Back 38

Condyloid (Knuckle Joint)

Front 39

EX. 2nd, 3rd, 4th, & 5th metacarpophalangeal or knuckles joints, wrist articulation between carpals & radius
Flexion, extension, abduction & adduction (circumducti

Back 39

Condyloid (Knuckle Joint)

Front 40

Multi-axial
Ball and socket joint
Bony rounded head fitting into a concave articular surface

Back 40

Enarthrodial

Front 41

Ex. Hip & shoulder joint
Motions are flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, diagonal abduction & adduction, rotation, and circumduction

Back 41

Enarthrodial

Front 42

Unique tri-axial joint
2 reciprocally concave & convex articular surfaces
Only example is 1st carpometacarpal joint at thumb
Flexion, extension, adduction & abduction, circumduction & slight rotation

Back 42

Sellar (Saddle) Joint