Chapter 1 Information Science

Front 1

Computer Literacy

Back 1

Having a current knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses

Front 2

Computer

Back 2

an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory that can accept data, process the data according to rules, produce results, and store results for future use

Front 3

Data

Back 3

a collection of unprocessed items which can include text, numbers, images, video and audio

Front 4

Information

Back 4

conveys meaning and is useful to 1 or more people

Front 5

Information Processing Cycle

Back 5

the series of input, process, output, and storage activities in a computer

Front 6

Hardware

Back 6

Electric, electronic, and mechanical components in a computer

Front 7

Input Device

Back 7

any hardware component that allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer

Front 8

Output device

Back 8

any hardware component that allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer

Front 9

CPU

Back 9

central processing unit-electronic components that interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer

Front 10

Memory

Back 10

consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by those instructions

Front 11

Storage/ Storage device

Back 11

records (writes) and/or recieves (reads) items to and from storage media. Often function as source of input

Front 12

Communications device

Back 12

a hardware component that enables a computer to send (transmit) and recieve data, instructions, and information to and from one or more computers or mobile devices

Front 13

Network

Back 13

a collection of computers and devices connected together, often wirelessly, via communications devices and transmission media

Front 14

Resources

Back 14

things like hardware, software, data, and information; these are shared via a network

Front 15

Internet

Back 15

a worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals

Front 16

World Wide Web or WWW

Back 16

World wide Web-one of the more popular services on the internet, contains web pages

Front 17

Web page

Back 17

can contain text, graphics, animation, video, and audio; on the internet

Front 18

Web 2.0

Back 18

refers to sites that provide a means for users to share personal information, allow users to modify website content, and/or have software built into the site for users to acess

Front 19

GUI

Back 19

graphical user interface-with this, you interact with the software using text, graphics, and visual images such as an icon

Front 20

Icon

Back 20

a miniature image that represents a program, an instruction, or some other object

Front 21

System Software

Back 21

consists of programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices; serves as the interface between the user, application software, and computer's hardware

Front 22

Application Software

Back 22

consists of programs designed to make users more productive and/or assist them with personal tasks

Front 23

Operating System

Back 23

the set of programs that coordinate all the activities among the computer hardware devices; the means for users to communicate with the computer and software

Front 24

utility/utility program

Back 24

allows a user to perform maintainence-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices, or its progrmas

Front 25

installing

Back 25

the process of setting up software to work with the computer, printer, and other hardware

Front 26

loading

Back 26

when the computer copies a program from storage to memory

Front 27

programmer

Back 27

aka developer; someone who develops software or writes the instructions that direct the computer to process information

Front 28

Convergence

Back 28

the trend of computers and devices that overlap; leads to computer manufacturers continuosly releasing newer models that include similar functionality and features

Front 29

Personal Computer

Back 29

a computer that can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself; contains processor, memory, and one or more input, output, and storage devices; most have communications device

Front 30

Desktop Computer

Back 30

designed so that the system unit, input devices, output devices, and any other devices can fit on or under a desk/table

Front 31

Mobile Computer

Back 31

a personal computer you can carry from place to place

Front 32

Notebook/Laptop Computer

Back 32

a portable, personal computer designed to sit on your lap; they are thin and lightweight but can be as powerful as a desktop computer

Front 33

Tablet PC

Back 33

special type of notebook computer that allows you to draw on the screen with a digital pen; resemble a letter sized slate

Front 34

Embedded Computer

Back 34

a special purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product

Front 35

Server

Back 35

controls acess to the hardware, software, and other resources on a network and provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information

Front 36

Mainframe

Back 36

a large, epensive, and powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneosly

Front 37

Supercomputer

Back 37

the fastest, most powerful, and most expensive computer; capable of processing more than 1 quadrillion thoughts in a second

Front 38

Operating System

Back 38

the set of programs that coordinates all the activities among computer and hardware devices

Front 39

Tower

Back 39

the more popular style of system unit which can sit on the floor vertically

Front 40

Handheld

Back 40

refers to a computer small enough to fit in one hand

Front 41

Bianary system

Back 41

Number system used by computers that has just two unique digits, 0 and 1, called bits.