Chapter 1: Elements Of The Immune System And Their Roles In Defense

Front 1

Schistosoma mansoni

Back 1

Helminth worm causes schistosomiasis
Male worm: Thick and Bluish
Female Worm: White and Threadlike

Front 2

Trypanosoma brucei

Back 2

Protozoan that causes African sleeping sickness

Front 3

Pneumocystis carinii

Back 3

Fungus that causes opportunistic infections in patients with suppressed immune system due to drugs or disease.

Front 4

Epidermophyton floccosum

Back 4

Dermatophyte fungus that causes ringworm. Pear shaped spore-producing structures (macronidia) connected by filaments (hyphae)

Front 5

Influenza virus

Back 5

Orthomyxovirus causes influenza

Front 6

Candida albicans

Back 6

Normal inhabitant of the human body
Occasionally causes thrush and more seever systemic infections.

Front 7

Staphylococcus Aureus

Back 7

Gram-positive bacterium that colonizes human skin and is the common cause of pimples and biols

Front 8

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Back 8

causes tuberculosis

Front 9

Listeria monocytogenes

Back 9

Gram-positive coccobacillus that can contaminate processed food, causing disease (listeriosis) in immunocompromised individuals and pregnant women

Front 10

Salmonella enteritidis

Back 10

Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that is a common cause of food poisoning. Hair like flagella enable bacteria to move

Front 11

Streptococcus pyogenes

Back 11

Gram-positive bacterium that is the principal cause of tonsilities and scarlet fever, and can also cause ear infections.

Front 12

Mechanisms of Innate Immunity

Back 12

Rapid Response (hours)
Invariant
Limited Number of Specificities
Does not lead to long-term immunity to that particular pathogen
Constant during response

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Mechanisms of Adaptive Immunity

Back 13

Slow Response (Days to Weeks)
Variable
Numerous highly selective specificities
Leads to condition of long-lived protection to that pathogen alone and no other
Improve during response
Vertebrates Only!

Front 14

Small Lymphocyte

Back 14

Production of antibodies (B Cells) or cytotoxic and herlp functions (T Cells)

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Eosinophil

Back 15

Killing of antibody-coated parasites through release of granule contents

Front 16

Plasma cell

Back 16

Fully differentiated form of B cell that secretes antibodies

Front 17

Basophil

Back 17

Unknown

Front 18

Natural Killer Cell

Back 18

Kills cells infected with certain viruses

Front 19

Mast Cell

Back 19

Expulsion of parasites from body through release of granules containing histamine and other active agents

Front 20

Dendritic cell

Back 20

Activation of T cells and initiation of adaptive immune responses
Principle cell that cooperates with lymphocytes to initiate adaptive immune responses.

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Monocyte

Back 21

Circulating precursor cell to macrophages

Front 22

Neutrophil

Back 22

Phagocytosis and killing of microorganisms

Front 23

Macrophage

Back 23

Phagocytosis and killing of microorganisms
Activation of T Cells and initiation of immune responses.

Front 24

Types of Recognition Molecules for:
B Lymphocytes (B Cells)
T Lymphocytes (T Cells)

Back 24

B Cells - Immunoglobulins
T Cells - T-cell receptors

Front 25

B Cell Activation

Back 25

Causes B-Cells to divide and differentiate into plasma cells, which make antibodies.

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Hematopoietic Stem Cells directly give rise to?

Back 26

Common Lymphoid Progenitor
Myeloid Progenitor
Erythroid Progenitor`

Front 27

Common Lymphoid Progenitor directly give rise to?

Back 27

B-Cell
T-Cell
Natural Killer Cells (NK Cells)

Front 28

Myeloid Progenitor cells directly give rise to?

Back 28

Granulocytes:
-Basophils
-Eosinophils
-Neutrophils
Dendritic Cell
Mast Cell
Monocytes/Macrophages

Front 29

Erythroid Progenitors directly give rise to?

Back 29

Megakaryocytes --> Platelets
Erythroblasts --> Erythrocytes

Front 30

Major Lymphoid Tissues

Back 30

Bone Marrow
Thymus
Spleen
Adenoids
Tonsils
Appendix
Lymph Nodes
Peyer's Patches

Front 31

Some Minor Lymphoid Tissues

Back 31

Mucosal surfaces of Respiratory
Gastrointestinal
Urogenital Tracts

Front 32

Primary or central lymphoid tissues description

Back 32

Where lymphocytes develop and mature to the stage at which they are able to respond to a pathogen

Front 33

Primary lymphoid tissues?

Back 33

Bone Marrow
Thymus

Front 34

What organ has no connections to the lymphatic system

Back 34

Spleen

Front 35

Helper T Cells

Back 35

Secrete soluble proteins that activate other cvells of the immune system, including B cells and macrophages

Front 36

Four Key elements of innate immunity

Back 36

Molecules that non-covalently bind to surface macromolecules of pathogens
Moleculse that covalently bond to pathogen surfaces, forming ligands for phagocyte receptors
Phagocytic cells that engulf and kill pathogens
Cytotoxic cells that kill virus-infected cells

Front 37

Th1 Cells
Th2 Cells

Back 37

Th1 (MHC Class I Effector)- Activates macrophages and secretes cytokines
Th2 (MHC Class II Effector)- Help B cells make Antibodies