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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Pangaea
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Wegener's name for the supercontinent meaning "all lands".
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Convection
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Heat transfer by the movement of a heated fluid,
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Asthenosphere
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A soft, bendable layer. Its material can flow slowly.
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Lithosphere
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Formed by the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust.
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Sea-floor spreading
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The process that continually adds new materials to the ocean floor. This was Hess's idea.
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Trasform boundary
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A place where two plates slip past each other, moving in opposite diorectinos.
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Inner core
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A dense ball of solid metal, made up of iron and nickel.
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Outer Core
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A layer of molten metal that surounds the inner core. made of iron and nickel.
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Convergent boundary
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The place where two plates come together.
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Deep-ocean trenches
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Forms where the ocean crust bends downward.
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Fossil can be formed from...
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A bone, tooth, shell, or other part of an organism.
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Conduction
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Heat trasfer by direct contact of particles of matter.
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Cast
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A copy of the shape of an organism.
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Relative dating
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This is used to determine which of two fossils is older.
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Mold
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A hollow space in sediment in the shape of an organism or part of an organism.
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Pressure
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The forces pushing on a surface or area.
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Absolute dating
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Allows sceintists to detmine the actual age of fossils.
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Radioactive elements
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Unstable elements that decay, or break down, into different elements.
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Fossil record
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The millions of fossils that scientists have collected.
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Half-life
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The time it takes for half of the atoms in a sample to decay.
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Subduction
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The process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle.
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Heat transfer
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The movement of energy from a warmer object to a cooler object.
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Extinct
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No members of that species are still alive.
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Faults
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Breaks in EArth's crust where rocks have slipped past each other.
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Scientific theory
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A well-tester concept that explains a wide range of observations.
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Density
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A measure of how much mass there is in a volume of a substance.
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Mantle
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A layer of hot rock.
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Petrified fossils
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Minerals dissolved in the water soak into the buried remains. Gradualy, the minerals replace the remains, changing them into rock.
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Plates
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Separate sections that break down the lithosphere.
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Wegener's hypothesis
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All the continents ahd once been joined together in a single landmass and have since drifted apart.
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Seismic waves
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When earthquakes occur, seismic waves are produces. The speed of these seismic waves and the paths they take revela how the palnet is put together.
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Convection current
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The flow that trasfers heat within a fluid.
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Geology
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The study of planet Earth, which began in the 1700's.
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Rock
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The material that forms Earth's hard surface.
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Constructive forces
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Forces that shape the suface by building up mountains and landmassses.
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continents
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surrounded by oceans.
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Punctuated equilibria
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According to this theory, species evolve during short periods of rapid change.
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Geoligist
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A scientist that studies the forces that make and shape planet Earth.
Geaoligists stugy the process that create Earth's features and search for clues about Earth's history. |
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Continetal drift
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Wegener's idea that the continents slowly moved over Earth's surface.
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Plate tectonics
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The geologic theory that states that pieces of Earth's lithosphere are in constant, slow motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle.
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Sonar
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A device that bounces sound waves off under water objects and then records the echoes of these sound waves.
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Rift valley
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Forms along the divergent boundary.
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Radiation
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The trasfer of energy through empty space.
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Fossil
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Any trace of an ancient organism that has been preserved in rock.
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Destructive forces
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Forces that slowly wear away mountains and, eventually, every other feature on the surface.
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Gradualism
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Proposes that evolution occurs slowly but steadily. According to this theory, tiny changes in a species gradually add up to major changes over very long periods of time.
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Sedimentary rock
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Layers of sediments build up and cover the dead organisms. Over millions of years, the layers harden to become sedimentary rock.
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Mid-ocean ridge
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The longest chain of mountains in the world.
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Granite
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A rock taht has larger crystals than basalt na dis not as dense. Granite makes up most ogf the continental crust.
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Basalt
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Dark, dense rock with a fine texture. Basalt makes up most of the oceanic crust.
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Crust
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The crust is a layer of rock that ofrms Earth's outer skin. There is oceanic crust and continental crust.
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Divergent boundary
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The place where two plates move apart.
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