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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 6 most important elements in the human body?
Which three are most important and which are second important? |
C, H, O, N, P, S
C H O N P S |
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What are the three things that make up a nucleotide?
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5 carbon sugar (pentose), nitrogenous base, and phosphate group
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Function of nucleic acids?
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information storage
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Function of lipids?
function of phospholipids, fats, and steroids |
cell membranes
energy storage structural support and signaling |
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Phospholipids and triglycerides are both made using:
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glycerol and fatty acids
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What is the structure of a glycerol molecule?
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3 carbon chain each with an -OH group attached
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The glycerol is attached to the fatty acid through what kind of synthesis?
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dehydration
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what are the components of a phospholipid?
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Phosphate group, variable group such as choline, glycerol and two fatty acids
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What are the components of a triglyceride?
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glycerol and three fatty acids
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What are the function of carbohydrate?
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Energy source, information molecule, and sometimes structural support
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What is the periplasmic space and what kind of cell is it located in?
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The periplasm is a space bordered by two selective permeable barriers, i.e., biological membranes, which are the inner membrane (i.e., cytoplasmic membrane) and the outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria.
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The cell wall covers which membrane?
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the inner
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Carbohydrates are also known as
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sugars
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What is the central dogma?
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information flows from DNA to RNA and then to protein
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dna to rna is called
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transcription
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rna to protein is called
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translation
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in the central dogma, dna can be
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replicated
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Do all RNAs encode proteins?
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No, they can be used to serve special functions
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The plasma membrane of a plant is it self surrounded by a ---------. It is constructed largely from ---------, a long, linear polymer of -------- molecules.
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cell wall, cellulose, glucose
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The mitochondrion (plural, mitochondria) has ___ mem- branes
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two
an outer mitochondrial membrane that is in touch with the cytoplasm and an inner mitochondrial membrane that defines the matrix of the mitochondrion |
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The space between the 2 membranes is the _________ space.
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inner membrane
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fuel molecules undergo combustion in mitochondria into ______ and ______ with the generation of cellular energy, _________. Approximately 90% of the energy used by a typical cell is produced in this organelle.
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co2, h2o, atp
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Another double-membrane-bounded organelle vital to all life, but found only in plant cells, is the __________
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chloroplast
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