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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the Goals of Criminal Justice?
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Doing Justice, Controlling Crime, Preventing Crime
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What are the two justice Systems of Criminal Justice?
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National & State
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What is Federalism?
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A system of governement in which power is divided between a central(national) goverment and a regional (state) government.
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What is a system?
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A complex whole consisting of interdependent parts whose actions are directed toward goals and are influenced by the environment within which they function
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What are the subsystems of the criminal justice system?
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Police, Courts, and Corrections
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What is an exchange?
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A mutual transfer of resources: a balance of benefits and deficits that flow from behavior based on decisions about the values and costs of alternatives.
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What is plea bargaining?
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*An example of an exchange
A defendant's plea of quilty to a criminal charge with the reasonable expectation of receiving some consideration |
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what are the four major characteristices of the Criminal Justic System?
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1)Discretion
2)Resource Dependence 3)Sequential Tasks 4)Filtering |
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What is Discretion?
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The authority to make decisions without reference to specific rules or facts, using instead one's own judgement; allows for individualization and informatlity in the administration of justice
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What is the filtering process?
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A screening operation; a process by which criminal justice officials screen out some cases while advancing others to the next level of decision making
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What is a dual court system?
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A system consisting of a separate judicial structure for each state in addition to a national structure. Each case is tired in a court of the same jurisdiction as that of the law or laws broken.
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What is adjudiction?
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The process of determing whether the defendant is quilty.
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What are the major types of state and local correctional facilities and programs? What type of organizations operate them?
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Prisons, jails, probation, parole, intermediate, sanctions. Public, nonprofit, and for-profit agencies carry out these programs.
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What is the flow of of Decision Making in the Criminal Justice System?
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Police: 1-Investigation 2-Arrest 3-Booking
Prosecution: 4-Charging 5-Initial Appearance 6-Preliminary hearing/grand jury 7-Indictment/information Courts: 8-Arraignment 9-Trial 10-Sentencing 11-Appeal Corrections: 12-Corrections - Jail or Prison 13-Release |
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Define Arrest:
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the physical taking of a person into custody on the grounds that there is reason to believe that he or she has committed a criminal offense. Police may use only reasonable physical force in making an arrest. The purpose of the arrest is to hold the acused for a court proceeding.
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What is a warrant?
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A court order authorizing police officers to take certain actions, for example, to arrest suspects or to search premises.
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Concerning the Criminal Justice System: What is information?
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A document charging an invdividual with a specific crime. It is prepared by prosecuting attorney and presented to a court at a preliminary hearing.
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What is an indictment?
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A document returned by a grand jury as a "true bill" charging an individual with a specific crime on the basis of a determination of probable cause as presented by a prosecuting attorney.
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What are felonies?
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Serious crimes usually carrying a penalty of death or incarceration for more than on year.
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What are the Layers of the Criminal Justice Wedding Cake?
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Layer 1: The Celebrated Cases
Layer 2: The serious Felonies Layer 3: The lesser felonies Layer 4: The Misdemeanors |
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What are misdemeanors?
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Offenses less serious than felonies and usually punishable by incarceration of no more than a year, probation, or intermediate sanction
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What is the purpose of the wedding cake model?
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To show that not all cases are treated equally.
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Describe the Due Process Model
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Goal: Preserve individual liberties
Value: Reliablity Process: Adversarial Major Decision Point: Courtroom Basis of Decision Making: Law |
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Describe the Crime Control Model
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Goal: Repress crime
Value: Efficiency Process: Administrative Major Decision Point: Police, pretrial processes Basis of Decision Making: Discretion |
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What is disparity?
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A difference between groups that may either be explained by legitimate factors or indicate discrimination.
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What is discrimination?
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Differential treatment of individuals or groups based on race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, or economic status, instead of on their behavior or qualifications
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How are Racial Disparities in criminal justice explained?
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1) People of color commit more crimes
2)The criminal justice system is racist(Ppl of Color are treated more harshly) 3)America is a Racist Society |
