Chapter 1 Biology

Front 1

Evolution

Back 1

Change over time.

Front 2

Information Transfer

Back 2

Evolution depends on the transmission of genetic information from one generation to another.

Front 3

Energy for Life

Back 3

All life processes, including the thousands of chemical transactions that maintain life's organization, require a continuous input of energy.

Front 4

Cells

Back 4

the basic unit of life.

Front 5

Unicellular

Back 5

organisms that consist of a single cell.

Front 6

Plasma Membrane

Back 6

A protective layer that regulates passage of materials between cell and environment.

Front 7

DNA

Back 7

givens genetic instructions.

Front 8

Organelles

Back 8

Internal structures that specialize to perform specific functions in cells.

Front 9

Prokaryotic cells

Back 9

These cells are exclusive to bacteria and microscopic organisms called archaea. They are structurally simpler and do not have a nucleus.

Front 10

Biological growth

Back 10

increase in the size of individual cells of an organisms, in the number of cells, or in both.

Front 11

Developement

Back 11

all the changes that take place during an organism's life.

Front 12

Metabolism

Back 12

the sum of all the chemical activities of the organism.

Front 13

Homeostasis

Back 13

an appropriate, balanced internal environment.

Front 14

Stimuli

Back 14

physical or chemical changes in their internal or external environment.

Front 15

Cilia

Back 15

tiny, hairlike extensions of a cell.

Front 16

Sessile

Back 16

does not move from place to place.

Front 17

Adaptions

Back 17

inherited characteristics that enhance an organism's ability to survive in a particular environment.

Front 18

Reductionism

Back 18

learning about a structure by studying its parts.

Front 19

emergent properties

Back 19

characteristics not found at lower levels.

Front 20

Atom

Back 20

the smallest unit of a chemical element that retains the characteristic properties of that element.

Front 21

Molecules

Back 21

atoms combine chemically.

Front 22

Tissues

Back 22

a group of closely associated, similar cells that work together to carry out specific functions.

Front 23

Organs

Back 23

organized tissues associated for a specific function.

Front 24

Organ System

Back 24

coordinated group of tissues and organs.

Front 25

Organism

Back 25

Any living system consisting of one or more cells.

Front 26

Reductionism

Back 26

Learning about a structure by looking at its components.

Front 27

Emergent properties

Back 27

Characteristics not found at the lower level.

Front 28

The most basic level of organization is:

Back 28

The chemical level.

Front 29

Atoms

Back 29

the smallest unit of a chemical element that retains the characteristic properties of that element.

Front 30

Molecules

Back 30

Atoms combined chemically.

Front 31

Atoms and molecules associate to form what?

Back 31

Cells.

Front 32

What are the basic structural and functional units of life?

Back 32

Cells.

Front 33

Cells associate to form what?

Back 33

Tissues.

Front 34

Tissues organize into functional structures called what?

Back 34

Organs

Front 35

What is an organ system?

Back 35

Each major group of biological functions performed by a coordinated group of tissues.

Front 36

Organ systems make up what?

Back 36

A multicellular organism.

Front 37

Population

Back 37

All the members of one species living in the same geographic area at the same time.

Front 38

Community

Back 38

The populations of various types of organisms that inhabit a particular area and interact with one another.

Front 39

Ecosystem

Back 39

A community together with its nonliving environment.

Front 40

Biosphere

Back 40

All of Earth's ecosystems together.

Front 41

Ecology

Back 41

the study of how organisms relate to one another and to their physical environment.

Front 42

Name the levels of organizations within an organism:

Back 42

Chemical level, Cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ systems, and organisms.

Front 43

Name the levels of ecological organization:

Back 43

Organisms, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere.

Front 44

How how do cells communicate?

Back 44

They transmit information in the form of chemical substances and electrical impulses.

Front 45

What is DNA?

Back 45

DNA is a large molecule that makes up genes. It transmits genetic information from generation to generation.

Front 46

Proteins

Back 46

Large molecules important in determining the structure and function of cells and tissues.

Front 47

Proteins and other types of molecules help cells do what?

Back 47

Communicate with one another.

Front 48

What are hormones?

Back 48

Chemical compounds that are produced to signal other cells.

Front 49

Neurotransmitters

Back 49

Electrical impulses and chemical compounds that transmit information.

Front 50

Theory of evolution

Back 50

explains how populations of organisms have changed over time.

Front 51

Evolution

Back 51

the process by which populations of organisms change over time.

Front 52

Systematics

Back 52

The field of biology that studies the diversity of organisms and their evolutionary relations.

Front 53

Are generic names in the binomial system always capitalized?

Back 53

Yes

Front 54

Are the specific epithet in the binomial system always capitalized?

Back 54

No.

Front 55

Name the three domains:

Back 55

1. Bacteria
2. Archaea
3. Eukarya

Front 56

Name the six kingdoms:

Back 56

1. Bacteria.
2. Archaea.
3. Protista
4. Plantae
5. Animalia
6. Fungi

Front 57

Who first brought the theory of evolution?

Back 57

Charles Darwin & Alfred Wallace

Front 58

What did Darwin & Wallace hypothesize?

Back 58

They hypothesized that present forms of life descended, with modifications, from previously existing forms.