Chapter 1 Biochem

Front 1

Biochemistry

Back 1

Study of properties of individual molecules within a living system & how they interact with one another

Front 2

What is the purpose of biochemistry?

Back 2

It seeks to describe the organization & function of living matters in molecular terms

Front 3

What are the 3 disciplines of Biochemistry?

Back 3

1. Structural
2. Metabolism
3. Genetic / Molecular Genetic

Front 4

Explain the Structural discipline.

Back 4

Focus on components & relationship of biological function to chemical structures

Front 5

Explain the Metabolism discipline.

Back 5

Totality of chemical reaction in living matter.

Front 6

Explain the Genetic / Molecular Genetic discipline.

Back 6

Chemistry of storage and transmission of biological information.

Front 7

What are the 3 properties that makes a collection of molecules a living system?

Back 7

1. highly organized set of complex molecules that result in complicated structures with intricate internal structure
2. each component of a living organism has a specific purpose
3. ability to extract, transform, & utilize energy from the environment to build & maintain structures, work, move, reproduce, ect

Front 8

Of the 3 properties of a living system which is the most important?

Back 8

3. ability to EXTRACT, TRANSFORM, UTILIZE ENERGY from environment to BUILD, MAINTAIN STRUCTURES, WORK, MOVE, REPRODUCE, ect

Front 9

What are viruses considered as?

Back 9

biological entities = parasite

Front 10

what are the 4 basic groups of biomolecules?

Back 10

nucleic acid / proteins/ lipids / carbohydrates

Front 11

Of the 4 basic groups of biomolecules which actually carry information?

Back 11

protein, nucleic acid, and some times carbohydrates

Front 12

What are the 4 basic structures of a cell?

Back 12

plasma membrane / cytoplasm / genetic material / ribosomes

Front 13

Adenine; purine

Back 13

Front 14

Guanine; purine

Back 14

Front 15

Uracil; pyrimidine

Back 15

Front 16

Thymine; pyrimidine

Back 16

Front 17

Cytosine; pyrimidine

Back 17

Front 18

Back 18

Front 19

Ribose

Back 19

Front 20

Deoxyribose

Back 20

Front 21

what are the 3 types of systems in thermodynamics?

Back 21

open / closed / isolated

Front 22

What are the difference between the 3 different types of thermodynamic systems?

Back 22

Open allows for both matter & energy to be exchanged; Closed allows only energy; Isolated does not allow matter nor energy to be exchanged

Front 23

State function

Back 23

thermodynamic variable use to describe the thermal dynamics state of the system

Front 24

How is a state function determined?

Back 24

by initial & final state of the system and independent of the pathway in between the 2 states

Front 25

What are some examples of state function? What is not a state function?

Back 25

Temperature / pressure / [solute]/ gibbs free energy / enthalpy / entropy

Not state function = work done

Front 26

Spontaneous reaction (favorable)

Back 26

irreversible process that is far from equilibrium

Front 27

What are the 1st and 2nd law of thermodynamics?

Back 27

1. law of conservation
2. total disorder of universe increase in every process

Front 28

What are the 7 non-covalent interactions?

Back 28

h-bond / charge-charge / charge-dipole / dipole-dipole / charged-induced dipole / dipole-induced dipole / London

Front 29

Hydrogen bond (3 requirements)

Back 29

1. N/O/F/S
2. must have lone pair of e-
3. strongest is linear 180 degrees +/-45 exist

Front 30

Charge - charge interaction

Back 30

electrostatic / ionic interaction between molecules/atom with permanent charge; nondirectional

Front 31

Charge - dipole interaction

Back 31

between a charged species and 1 dipole; directional

Front 32

dipole-dipole

Back 32

interactions between 2 molecules with a permanent dipole; directional

Front 33

charged-induced dipole

Back 33

polarizable molecule (e- are displaced to give momentary charge) placed near a charge molecule; a dipole will be induced with charge; non-directional

Front 34

dipole-induced dipole

Back 34

molecule with a permanent dipole induces a dipole in a polarizable molecule; non-directional

Front 35

London forces

Back 35

2 induced dipoles set up & break apart; non-directional

Front 36

Draw base pairing for G-C

Back 36

Front 37

Draw base pairing for A-T

Back 37

Front 38

draw dAMP

Back 38

2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-monophosphate

Front 39

draw dGMP

Back 39

2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate

Front 40

draw dTMP

Back 40

2'-deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate

Front 41

draw dCMP

Back 41

2'-deoxycytidine 5'-monophosphate