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79 Cards in this Set
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inca
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A large civilization that developed in south America, in the Andes mountains. This people had an advanced language but were soon brought down by the Spanish conquistador Pizarro, who killed the emperor after taking most of the Incas' gold and silver.
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maya
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This ancient civilization developed in the the Yucatan Peninsula, in Mexico. This civilization developed the first calendar and were the first to use the number zero. this civilization collapsed after a drought that was cause by their farming technique slash and burn.
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chaco canyon
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This canyon is located in the southern part of New Mexico. In this canyon, the first settlers were the Apache and Navajo, which adapted to the climate and to zone. this civilizations left many thing behind such as painting and pottery that was found in the ruins.
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woodland indians
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This Indians developed in North Georgia, a place full of trees and small rivers. This Indians hunted and also grew their food. Advances in technology, like the bow and arrow made their hunting more efficient. They also developed pottery skills that helped them as tool for trading.
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mobile societies (natives )
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The Plain Indians were known for their ability to move very fast in order to follow their game to survive. This people lived in tepees, which helped pack their stuff faster and move from location to location faster in.
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agriculture (natives)
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Many native started practicing agricultural techniques by growing many cash crops that were used to trade with the settlers or with other tribes in order to survive. They also grew many fruits closed to the rivers.
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leif erickson
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He was a well know viking that made an exploration trip to North America and founded a small town in Greenland.
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prince henry the navigator
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He was a prince in Portugal who became the king after his father. He also founded a school for navigator and mapmaker in which they learned navigating techniques and cartography.
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chirstopher columbus
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He was navigator, a colonizer, and an explore. With the help of the king and queen of Spain, he was able to set on an exploration trip, in which he founded some colonies in some part of North America.
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aztec
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This civilization developed in central Mexico. They were best known for their strong military forces and for their bloody human sacrifices. The Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes made allies with the Aztecs' enemies and brought this civilization to its
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ferdinand magellan
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He was a Portuguese explore, but worked for the Spanish king. He was the first to make a trip from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. His crew were the first to circumnavigate the earth.
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the conquistadors
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This word mean the conquers in English. This word was used to describe all those explores that landed on a certain land, destroyed the indigenous people from that region, and colonized it under the crown they represented. This word mainly describe Spanish and Portuguese explores.
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cortes
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He was a Spanish explore that landed in the coast on the Aztec empire. With the help of the enemies of the Aztecs, he was able to overpower the Aztec warriors and bring their empire to an end. He became the governor of the new land he conquered, Mexico.
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francisco pizarro
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He was a Spanish explore and conquistador that explore the empires in South America. He also located the Inca empire and was able to conquer it with the help of their weapons. He colonized this lands under the Spanish crown.
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ordinance of discovery (aztec)
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It was an event in which many explores, conquistadors, and many settlers came to the new world in order to colonize it.
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catholic missionaries (natives)
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Catholic missionaries usually came with explores in order to convert many of the new Indians to their religion. Many built missions in order to get the Indians to come and learn more about Catholicism. Many natives were force to convert while others did by themselves. They were forced to change their life style and beliefs.
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st. augustine 1565
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It was founded in 1565 by the Spanish explore Pedro Menendez de Aviles. This city lies in a region of Florida known as "The First Coast." It was first controlled by the Spanish but then taken by the British in the treaty of Paris.
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ecomiendas
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It was a labor system enforced by the Spanish during their colonization period. The crown gave a person a certain number of natives that helped the person in labor to get mineral and crop.
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pueblo revolt
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Or the Pope's Rebellion was a rebellion from the Pueblo people against the Spanish colonization the providence of New Mexico
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mestizo
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A Spanish term that was used during the Spanish colonial period in Latin America to refer to people of mixed European and Amerindian ancestry.
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john cabot
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He was an Italian navigator and explorer whose 1497 discovery of North America is commonly held to be the first European voyage to the continent since Norse exploration of the Americas in the early eleventh century.
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richard hakluyt
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bHe was an English writer. He is principally remembered for his efforts in promoting and supporting the settlement of North America by the English through his works, notably Divers Voyages Touching the Discoverie of America and The Principal Navigations, Voiages, Traffiques and Discoueries of the English Nation.
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doctrine of predestination
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Doctrine of Predestination is a doctrine of Calvinism which deals with the question of the control God exercises over the world.
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the english reformation
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It was the series of events in 16th-century England by which the Church of England first broke away from the authority of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church. These events were, in part, associated with the wider process of the European Protestant Reformation, a religious and political movement which affected the practice of Christianity across most of Europe during this period.
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john calvin
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He was an influential French theologian and pastor during the Protestant Reformation. He was a principal figure in the development of the system of Christian theology later called Calvinism. Originally trained as a humanist lawyer, he broke from the Roman Catholic Church around 1530.
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puritan separists
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They were puritans who separated themselves from the church of England.
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elisabeth the I
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Was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty. Also known as the Virgin queen.
1588 defeated Spanish armada. She supported the English Protestant church and became supreme governor.Her time of rule provided stability for the kingdom and helped forge sense of national identity. |
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coureurs de bois
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A person that got involved in the fur trade without the French government permission.
operated in the late 17th and 18th century. Became known as voyageurs and were important because made profitable business. |
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New Amsterdam
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A dutch colony that served as capital of New Netherlands and later became New York.
Established in the 17th century The colony operated commercially before becoming a provincial entity. It was important because it gave the Dutch access to the fur trade. |
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West India Company
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A charted company of the Dutch merchants.
Granted a charter on June 3,1621 It had a monopoly in the West Indies. It eliminated competition between the various trading posts. Became important for the Dutch colonization of the Americas. |
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Sir Walter Raleigh
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English men known fro popularizing tobacco.
1594 set out to find the "the city of gold" in South America. He set out and established a settlement in Roanoke island but the settlement was a failure because when he came back everyone had disappeared |
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Roanoke
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A lost settlement established by a group of English men led by Sir Walter Raleigh.
He established the colony in 1587 This settlement was the second attempt to settle in the Americas and it ended up disappearing the only thing left was the words was "Croatoan." |
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James I
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King of England and Ireland that ruled under the title King of Scots.
Under Jame's rule the "Golden Age" continued and he was known to be the wisest fool of Christendom. |
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Jamestown
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English colony founded by John Smith
May 14,1607 First established English settlement |
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John Smith
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Admiral of New England. Explorer, English soldier and author
December 20, 1606 Founded Jamestown, Virginia |
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Lord De Lawar
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Admiral of New England. Explorer, English soldier and author
December 20, 1606 Founded Jamestown, Virginia |
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Tobacco
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John Rolfe experimented in planting tobacco and became a demanded crop. Jamestown became the primary source for tobacco growth. Tobacco became very profitable.
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Virginia Company
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The company was a join stock charter by James I in April 10, 1606. It went bankrupt for giving charters to the colony of Jamestown it went bankrupt due to Indian uprisings. James revoked the charter given to the company and the colony came under his control.
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Headright System
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Is a legal grant that gives land to settlers
It started in 1618 They helped in the expansion of the North American colonies, the first 13. |
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40. Powhatans
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It was the name given to the native group that inhabited Virginia. The Powhatans led many uprisings against the English fighting for their corresponding land. At the end the Powhatans weakened due to diseases and the English retaliated making them retreat
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41. Maryland and the Calverts
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English group under control of Lord Baltimore
They were granted land in the year 1632. Got a charter from the king. Protestants that took control over the Maryland colony. The Maryland colony purpose was to create heaven for the English Catholic and it started as a proprietary colony. |
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42. Proprietary Rule
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Lord Baltimore was given land that he called it his property. This land was his to keep and it was granted to him by the king. With this land he created the colony of Maryland. They were absolute lords and proprietaries of the land.
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43. Toleration Act
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A law issued in the colony of Maryland that allowed religious freedom. It created the firs legal limitations on hate speech in the world.It allowed freedom to the trinitarian Christians.
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44. Bacon’s Rebellion
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An uprising in the Virginia colony
In the year 1676 New reforms were made that limited the power of the governor and restored rights to landless freeman. Berkley returned to power |
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45. Plymouth Plantation
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An English colonial venture in North America from 1620 to 1691. It was founded by a group of separatists and Anglicans and settled in Plymouth, Massachusetts. It was settled by the Pilgrim Fathers and it is known because the colony was created for religious freedom rater than being entrepreneur.
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46. Mayflower Compact
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The first governing document of the Plymouth colony. It was made to keep the colony under control since no one was in charge of them. This compact had rules and regulations that ensured survival.
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47. William Bradford
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Governor of the Plymouth colony that was chosen again and again. He persuaded the king to give them legal permission to live there. Paid off what they owned through what they earned with the fur trade and he also distributed land
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48. Colonial Currency
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John Winthrop
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king charles I gave him and other puritans a royal charter to established the massachuseets bay company
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theocratic society
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a society with out priests and kings, all people reconciled to god and to each other, living in harmony with god being their first principal
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Roger Williams
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an American protestant theologian, first proponent of religious freedom and the separation of church and state. 1636 began the colony of Rhode island and the providence plantations, started the fisrt baptist church in America
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Anne Hutchinson
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a pioneer settler in the Massachusetts , Rhode island and new Netherlands. key figure in the study of the development of religous freedom in new england's american colonies
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Pequot War
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an armed conflict in 1634 between the alliance of Massachusetts bay and Plymouth colonies against with American allies (Narragansett and Mohegan) against the Pequot tribe
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King Philips War
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an armed conflict between natives inhabitants of New England. Metacomet was the main leader
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The Narragansetts
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native tribe from Rhode island one of the early leading tribes of new England
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English Civil War
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(1642-1651) was a series of armed conflicts and political conflicts between the parliamentarians and the royalists. Two wars
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Middle Colonies
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also known as the bread basket for the regions grain and oats which were new jersey, Pennsylvania and Delaware
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Quakers
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religious group that thought themselves as part of the restoration of the true Christian church
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William Penn
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an English absolute proprietor of Pennsylvania which James II of England gave to him
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charter of liberties
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also known as the coronation charter, was a proclamation by Henry I of England issued upon his succession on the throne in 1100 which sought to bind the king of certain laws
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black codes
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laws passed on the state and local level to limit the rights and liberties of African American
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holy experiment
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- an attempt by the Quakers to established a community for themselves in Pennsylvania, William Penn was the founder of this colony
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california 1760's
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colonize by the Spanish
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james oglethorpe
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a British general and was the founder of Georgia
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mercantilism
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- economic theory , thought to be a economic nationalism that holds its supply on capital and in international trade, assumes wealth and monetary assets are identical
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navigation acts
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series of laws which restricted the use of foreign shipping for trade between England and its colonies and started on 1651 which were made after
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sir edmond andros
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was a early colonial English governor in north America and head of the dominion of England, governor of Virginia and Maryland
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the glorious revolution
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also revolution of 1688 was the overthrow of king James II of England in 1688 by the union of parliamentarians which gave the throne to William II of England and Mary II of England
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william bradford
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march 19 1590- may 9 1657 was a English leader of the settlers on the Plymouth colony in Massachusetts and was elected thirty times governor and its proclaim the on the first thanksgiving
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cambridge agreement
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- an agreement on august 29 1629 between the shareholders of the Massachusetts bay company, which led directly to the foundation of Boston Massachusetts in which guaranteed that Massachusetts would be a self governing colony which establish john Winthrop as governor
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church of england (anglican)
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the official Christian church of the Anglican communion and the oldest of the churches
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convenant theology
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also known as federalism is a concept overview and interpretive framework understanding the bible
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halway convenant
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was a form of partial church membership created in New England in 1662. promoted particularly by reverend Solomon Stoddard that felt the English colonies were drifting away from their original religious purpose
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thomas hooker
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prominent puritan religious and colonial leader who founded the colony of Connecticut, and also had a role on the fundamental orders of Connecticut one of the first world’s written constitution
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saybrook platform
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refers to the conservatives’ religious proposals adopted by the saybrook, Connecticut in September 1708. attempted to improve the disunity among the establishment of congregational churches, done after the halfway covenant and would end with the great awakening
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joint stock company
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business entity done by puritans when they arrive working for seven years to get help from the king
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cavaliers (1642-1647)
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)- the name used for parliamentarians for a royal support of king Charles I during the English civil war (1642-1651)
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john locke
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29 august 1632 - 28 October 1704 widely known as father of liberalism was a English philosopher influential to enlightenment thinkers, and his ideas were reflected on the American declaration of independence
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