Chapter 1 And 2

Front 1

Incas

Back 1

Lived in the highland center, Cuzco,which consisted of one million people and stretched from Ecuador to northern Chile.

Front 2

Mayas

Back 2

Their culture was mostly tribal and rural. Lived mainly on the Yucatan Peninsula. They also had a sophisticated system of writing.

Front 3

Aztecs

Back 3

Lived in the highlands of Mesoamerica. They did not have a written language but spoke Nahuatl.

Front 4

Chaco Canyon

Back 4

This desert was the center of Anasazi life which started in 900 A.D. Its lack of rainfall made people drift away.

Front 5

Woodland Indians

Back 5

Were the first to be assimilated and the first to lose their culture and land. they were the people east of the Mississippi river from Maine to Florida. Were nomads and traveled to hunt for their food.

Front 6

Mobile Societies

Back 6

Creates a part of its wealth from processes that do not depend on a territory. a bottle making factory uses raw materials that come from the ground. In addition the factory adds value to the raw materials by making the bottles.

Front 7

Agriculture

Back 7

Some societies depended heavily agriculture while others practice a mix of farming, hunting, and gathering .It taught the new colonists new techniques.

Front 8

Leif Erikson

Back 8

Was Norse explorer who is regarded as the first European to land in North America before Columbus. He established a Norse settlement at Vinland.

Front 9

Prince Henry the Navigator

Back 9

Sponsored the expeditions of discovery in the Atlantic Ocean, down the western coast of Africa.

Front 10

Christopher Columbus

Back 10

Wanted to find a short way to the Indies by ship.Tried asking King Ferdinand and Queen Elizabeth to supply him with ships and money.

Front 11

Ferdinand Magellan

Back 11

A Portuguese sea captain who led five Spanish ships and 251 men in the first around-the-world expedition. In 1518 he left Portugal and went to Spain to present the information about the Spice Islands to King Charles I.

Front 12

The Conquistadors

Back 12

Spanish soldiers and explorers. Acquired monopolies on much of the Eastern spic trade and their expeditions to the New World brought great wealth and power to Spain.

Front 13

Ordinance of Discovery

Back 13

Was issued by King Philip II and kept track of all political and economic life in newly discovered places.

Front 14

Catholic Missionaries

Back 14

Began to sent forth an invitation to strange races and peoples to tak the place of the millions who had stayed from the fold.

Front 15

St. Augustine

Back 15

Founded in 1565 by Spanish explorer and admiral Pedro Mendez de Aviles. It is the oldest continuously occupied European-established city and port in U.S.

Front 16

Encomiendas

Back 16

A labor system that was employed by the Spanish crown during the Spanish colonization of the Americas.

Front 17

Pueblo Revolt

Back 17

An uprising of many pueblos against Spanish colonization of the Americas in New Spain.

Front 18

Mestizo

Back 18

People mixed Europeans and Ameridian ancestry.

Front 19

John Cabolt

Back 19

An Italian navigator and explorer whose 1497 discovery of North America is commonly held to be the first European voyage to the continent of the Americas.

Front 20

Richard Hakluyt

Back 20

Known for his efforts to promote and support the settlement of North America by the English through his works.

Front 21

Doctrine of Predestination

Back 21

A doctrine of Calvinism which deals with the question of the control God exercises over the world.

Front 22

John Calvin

Back 22

An influential French theologian and pastor during the Protestant Reformation.

Front 23

Puritan Separatists

Back 23

A significant grouping of English speaking Protestants in the 16th and17th centuries.

Front 24

Elizabeth the I

Back 24

Queen of England and sometimes called The Virgin Queen

Front 25

Coureurs De Bois

Back 25

An individual who engaged in the fur trade without permission from the French authorities. Operated during the late 17th century and early 18th century in the eastern North America particularly in New France.

Front 26

New Amsterdam

Back 26

A 17th century Dutch colonial settlement that served as the capital of the New Netherland.

Front 27

Sir Walter Raleigh

Back 27

An English aristocrat, writer, poet, soldier, courtier, spy, and explorer who is also largely known for popularizing tobacco in England.

Front 28

Roanoke

Back 28

A tribe were a Carolina Algonquian speaking people whose territory comprised present day Dare County, Roanoke Island and part of the mainland at the time of exploration and colonization.

Front 29

James I

Back 29

Succeeded the last Tudor monarch of England and Ireland , Elizabeth I who died without issue.

Front 30

Jamestown

Back 30

It was founded on May 14th, 1607 on the Jamestown island in the Virginia Colony.

Front 31

John Smith

Back 31

He was an explorer, soldier, and author who established the first English settlement in Jamestown, Virginia during the early 1600's.

Front 32

Tobacco

Back 32

An agricultural product from the leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. Became popular during the arrival of the Europeans.

Front 33

Virginia Company

Back 33

Refers to a pair of English joint stock companies charted by James I on April 10 1606 with the purposes of establishing settlements on the coast of North America.

Front 34

Headright system

Back 34

Was used as an attempt to solve labor shortage due to the advent of the tobacco economy.

Front 35

Powhatan

Back 35

A Virginia Indian tribe, it is estimated that there were about 14,000-21,000 natives in eastern Virginia when the English settled Jamestown in 1607.

Front 36

Maryland ant the Calverts

Back 36

England was observing Maryland since John Smith's 1608 exploration of the Chesapeake Bay.

Front 37

Proprietary Rule

Back 37

Was appointed by the proprietors in England. Wealthy colonists could set up plantations worked by indentured servants and African and Native American slaves.

Front 38

Toleration Act

Back 38

A law mandating religious tolerance for trinitarian Christians. Created the first legal limitations on hate speech in the world.

Front 39

Bacon's Rebellion

Back 39

An uprising in 1676 in the Virginia Colony led by Nathaniel Bacon a wealthy planter. The first rebellion in the America colonies which discontented frontiersmen.

Front 40

Mayflower Compact

Back 40

It was the first governing document of Plymouth Colony. It was written by the colonists, later together known to history as the Pilgrims, who crossed the Atlantic aboard the Mayflower

Front 41

William Bradford

Back 41

He was an English leader of the settlers of the Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts, and was elected thirty times to be the Governor after John Carver died.

Front 42

Colonial Currency

Back 42

It went through several stages of development in the colonial and post-Revolutionary history of the United States. Colonial governments sometimes issued paper money to facilitate economic activity.

Front 43

John Winthrop

Back 43

Led a a group of Puritans to the New World in1630.

Front 44

Theocratic Society

Back 44

A form of government in which a god or deity is recognized as the state's supreme civil ruler, or in a higher sense, a form of government in which a state is governed by immediate divine guidance or by officials who are regarded as divinely guided.

Front 45

Roger Williams

Back 45

He was an American Protestant theologian, and the first American proponent of religious freedom and the separation of church and state.

Front 46

Anne Hutchinson

Back 46

She was a pioneer settler in Massachusetts, Rhode Island and New Netherlands and the unauthorized minister of a dissident church discussion group.

Front 47

Pequot War

Back 47

Was an armed conflict in 1634-1638 between an alliance of Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth colonies with Native American allies against the Pequot tribe.

Front 48

King Philips War

Back 48

Also known as Metacom's Rebellion. Was an armed conflict between Native American inhabitants of present day New England and English colonists.

Front 49

The Narragansetts

Back 49

They were a tribe of Algonquian Native American tribe from Rhode Island.

Front 50

English Civil War

Back 50

It was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists. The first and second civil wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament, while the third war saw fighting between supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament.

Front 51

Middle Colonies

Back 51

The regions produced wheat, grain, and oats. The Middle Colonies were the most ethnically diverse British colonies in North America, with settlers coming from all parts of Europe.

Front 52

Quakers

Front 53

William Penn

Back 53

Was an English real estate entrepreneur, philosopher, and founder and "absolute proprietor" of the Province of Pennsylvania, the English North American colony and the future U. S. State of Pennsylvania.

Front 54

Joint Stock Company

Back 54

A private trading company that sold shares to investors and was organized by the Virginia Company. This was done in order to raise money to settle the colony.