Chapter 1 And 2

Front 1

Etiology

Back 1

Possible causes for abnormal behaviour.

Front 2

Clinical psychologist

Back 2

-Holds PhD or psyd

-Trained in psychopathology, personality, diagnosis, psychological testing, psychotherapy, and human physiology.

Front 3

Mental health counselor

Back 3

Training includes masters in counseling or psychology and hours of supervised clinical.

Front 4

Counseling psychologist

Back 4

Academic and internship requirements similar to clinical psychologist, but with focus on life adjustment problems rather than mental illness.

Front 5

Psychiatrist

Back 5

MD who can provide medication. Completes 4y medical school then 3-4 in psychiatry training.

Front 6

Psychiatric social worker

Back 6

Holds masters in social work. Specializes in assessment, screening, and therapy with high need clients and outreach to other agencies.

Front 7

Substance abuse counselor

Back 7

Professional training requirements vary, many have personal addiction experience. Works in agencies that specialize in evaluation and treatment of drug and alcohol addiction.

Front 8

3 components of a mental disorder

Back 8

-involves significant disturbance in thinking, emotional regulation, or behaviour caused by a dysfunction in the basic psychological, biological, or developmental processes involved in normal development.

-causes significant distress or difficulty with day to day functioning.

-not merely a culturally expected response to common stressors or losses or a reflection of political or religious beliefs that conflict with societal norms.

Front 9

Cost of mental health and substance abuse in us

Back 9

135B/y

Front 10

Prevalence of mental health disorders in us

Back 10

24.8% in last 12m, with 5.8% being serious. 50% of youth meet criteria for at least one disorder, 40% for 2. 22.2% of youth reported disorder caused them severe impairment or distress.

Front 11

Szarz

Back 11

People have problems in living but not mental illness. Claimed abnormal behaviour labeled by society for being different, that unusual belief systems are not necessarily wrong, and abnormal behaviour reflects something wrong with society rather than an individual.

Front 12

Prehistoric

Back 12

No distinction between physical and mental disorder. Attributed symptoms to demonic possession, sorcery, or retribution from ancestral spirit. Trphining was the opening of the skull to let out spirits. Exorcism practiced by Greeks, Chinese, Hebrews, Egyptians; prayers and extreme measures used to cast out spirits.

Front 13

Greco roman

Back 13

Scientific view. Hippocrates believed because brain was central organ of intellect, disease of the brain leads to deviant behaviour. Considered heredity and environment as causes of abnormal behaviour. Plato thought we should not punish the mentally ill. Galen examined CNS and its role in mental function.

Front 14

Middle ages

Back 14

Return to religious explanations. Monks either provided care or punishment. Early 13th c in Italy saw group hysteria (appearance of sudden symptoms with no known cause). Tarantism is agitation and frenzied dancing, a type of hysteria. Hysteria common due to daily stress caused by plague, war, famine, etc.

Front 15

Humanism

Back 15

Movement promoting welfare and worthiness of individuals.

Front 16

Humanism: Weyer

Back 16

Challenged beliefs about witchcraft. Stated many charged as witches were mentally disturbed.

Front 17

Moral treatment movement: Pinel

Back 17

Took over Bicetre asylum in Paris. Humane treatment resulted in greater recovery rate.

Front 18

Moral treatment movement: tuke

Back 18

Quaker. Humane treatment centre in York.

Front 19

Moral treatment movement: Rush

Back 19

Father of us psychiatry. Did work therapy.

Front 20

Moral treatment movement: Dix

Back 20

Raised money and campaigned for moral and better hospitals.

Front 21

Moral treatment movement: Beers

Back 21

Wrote book the mind that found itself, about own issues with mental illness. Account aroused public sympathy. Founded National committee for mental hygiene.

Front 22

Biological viewpoint: Griesinger

Back 22

Believed all mental disorders had physiological basis.

Front 23

Biological viewpoint: kraeplin

Back 23

Some symptoms cluster into syndromes. Outlined system for classifying mental illness based on physiological causes, still used today by dsm.

Front 24

Biological viewpoint: Biological evidence for psychological conditions

Back 24

-Pasteurs germ theory of disease.

-Further evidence with discovery of cause of general paresis (degenerative mental disorder caused by syphilis).

Front 25

Psychological viewpoint: Mesmerism

Back 25

Sleep like state induced, similar to hypnotism. But showed mental and physical disorders can have psychological component as were affected by psychological intervention.

Front 26

Psychological viewpoint: Breuer

Back 26

discovered after discussing abuse in hypnotic state that woman lost symptoms of disorder.

Front 27

Cultural and ethnic bias in diagnosis

Back 27

Overpathologizing disorders among clients of minorities whose lifestyles differ markedly from the therapists own.

Front 28

Positive psychology

Back 28

Study and understanding of positive human qualities associated with thriving. Interested in feelings of well being. Research into positive traits of individuals, address civic virtues and institutions that move us towards better citizenship and responsibility.

Front 29

Recovery movement

Back 29

Perspective that the mentally ill can recover and live satisfying, hopeful, contributing lives.

Front 30

Managed healthcare

Back 30

Industrialization of healthcare whereby insurance companies in private sector monitor and control delivery of services. But insurance company decides what conditions and treatments are covered, putting pressure on therapists.