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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1st sector of a floppy disk or optical disc in a partition, contains info about the disk or logical drive; is in the active partition on a hard drive, then used to boot the OS. Also called Boot Sector.
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Boot Record
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Also called Boot Record.
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Boot Sector
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Also called Subdirectory.
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Child Directory
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One or more sectors that constitute the smallest unit of space on a disk for storing data (also referred to as a file allocation unit). Files are written to a disk as groups of whole clusters.
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Cluster
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1.) The CMOS configuration chip.
2.) The program in the system BIOS that can change the values in the CMOS RAM. |
CMOS Setup
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The initial screen that is displayed when an OS has a GUI interface loaded.
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Desktop
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A program stored on the hard drive that tells the computer how to communicate with an input/output device such as a printer or modem.
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Device Driver
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An OS table that contains file information such as the name, size, time, and date of last modification, and cluster number of the file’s beginning location.
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Directory Table
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12-bit wide, one-column file allocation table for a floppy disk, containing info about how each cluster or file allocation unit on the disk is currently used.
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FAT 12
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A table on a hard disk or floppy disk that tracks the clusters used to contain a file. Also referred to as a Cluster.
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File Allocation Unit (FAT)
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A three-character portion of the name of a file that is used to identify the file type. In command lines, the file extension follows filename and is separated from it by a period. EX. Msd.exe
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File Extension
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Overall structure that an OS uses to name, store, and organize files on a disk. EX. FAT 32 or NTFS.
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File System
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1st part of the name assigned to a file. In DOS, the filename can be no more than eight characters long and is followed by the file extension. In Windows, a filename can be up to 255 characters.
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Filename
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Also called Subdirectory.
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Folder
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An icon-driven interface. Can perform operations by clicking icons (or pictures) on the screen.
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Graphical User Interface (GUI)
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Configuration info files for Windows. System.ini is one of the most important Windows 9x/ME initialization file.
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Initialization Files
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Portion of the OS that is responsible for interacting with the hardware.
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Kernel
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Portion or all of a hard drive partition that is treated by the OS as though it were a physical drive. Each one is assigned a drive letter, such as drive C, and contains a file system. Also called Volume.
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Logical Drive
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CPU processing mode that processes 64 bits at a time. The AMD Athlon 64 and the Intel Itaninum CPUs use this mode.
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Long Mode
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Doing more than one thing at a time.
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Multitasking
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File system for the Windows NT/2000/XP OS.It cannot be accessed by other OSs such as DOS. It provides increased reliability, and security in comparison to other methods of organizing and accessing files. There are several versions of NTFS that might or might not be compatible.
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New Technology File System (NTFS)
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Software that controls a computer. It controls how a system resources are used and provides a user interface, a way of managing hardware and software, and ways to work with files.
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Operating System (OS)
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Division of a hard drive that can be used to hold logical drives.
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Partition
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1.) A drive and list of directories pointing to a file such as C:\\Windows\command.
2.) OS command to provide a list of paths to the system for finding program files to execute. |
Path
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Type of pseudo-multitasking whereby the CPU allows an application a specific period of time and then preempts the processing to give time to another application.
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Preemptive Multitasking
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Operating mode that supports preemptive multitasking, the OS manages memory and other hardware devices, and programs can use a 32-bit data path. Also called 32-bit mode.
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Protected Mode
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Single-tasking operating mode whereby a program can use 1024 K of memory addresses, has direct access to RAM, and uses a 16-bit data path. Using a memory extender (Himem.sys) a program in real mode can access memory above 1024 K. Also called 16-bit mode.
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Real Mode
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A database that Windows uses to store hardware and software configuration info, user preferences, and setup info.
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Registry
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Main directory created when a hard drive or disk is first formatted. In Linux, it’s indicated by a forward slash ( / ). In DOS and Windows, it’s indicated by backward slash ( \ ).
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Root Directory
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On a disk surface one segment of a track, which almost always contains 512 bytes of data.
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Sector
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Program that runs in the background to support and serve Windows or an application.
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Service
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Portion of an OS that relates to the user and to applications.
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Shell
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Icon on the desktop that points to a program that can be executed or to a file or folder.
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Shortcut
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Part of system BIOS that is responsible for controlling the PC when it is first turned on. It gives control over to the OS once it is loaded.
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Startup BIOS
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Directory or folder contained in another directory or folder. Also called Child Directory or Folder.
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Subdirectory
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BIOS located on the motherboard.
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System BIOS
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Area to the right of the taskbar that holds the icons for running services; these services include the volume control and network connectivity.
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System Tray
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Bar normally located at the bottom of the Windows desktop, displaying info about open programs and providing quick access to others.
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Taskbar
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One of many concentric circles on the surface of a hard drive or floppy disk.
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Track
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Also called Logical Drive.
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Volume
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