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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
cell |
The basic unit of structure and function in living things |
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microscope |
An instrument that makes small objects look larger. |
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cell theory |
A widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things. |
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organelle |
A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell. |
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cell wall |
A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms. |
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cell membrane |
A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell. |
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nucleus |
A cell structure that contains nucleic acids, the chemical instructions that direct all the cell’s activities. |
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cytoplasm |
The region between the cell membrane and the nucleus; in organisms without a nucleus, the region located inside the cell membrane. |
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mitochondria |
Rod-shaped cell structures that convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions. |
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endoplasmic reticulum |
A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another. |
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ribosome |
A small grain-like structure in the cytoplasm of a cell where proteins are made. |
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golgi body |
A structure in a cell that receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell. |
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chloroplast |
A structure in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food. |
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vacuole |
A sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area. |
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lysosome |
A small, round cell structure containing chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones. |
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element |
Any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. |
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compound |
Two or more elements that are chemically combined. |
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carbohydrate |
Energy-rich organic compound, such as a sugar or a starch, that is made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. |
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protein |
Large organic molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur. |
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amino acid |
A small molecule that is linked chemically to other amino acids to form proteins. |
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enzyme |
A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing. |
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lipid |
Energy-rich organic compound, such as a fat, oil, or wax, that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. |
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nucleic acid |
Very large organic molecule made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus, that contains the instructions cells need to carry out all the functions of life. |
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DNA |
Deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring. |
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RNA |
Ribonucleic aicd; a nucleic acid that plays an important role in the production of proteins. |
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selectively permeable |
A property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass through, while others cannot. |
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diffusion |
The process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. |
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osmosis |
The diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane. |
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passive transport |
The movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy. |
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active transport |
The movement of materials through a cell membrane using cellular energy. |