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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Imhotep |
C. 2600 Anchient Egypt, Edwin Smith Papyrus |
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Hippocrates |
Father of medicine: Code of ethics, morals, medical practice. Systematic, rationale approach |
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Calen |
C. 160 AD Ancient Rome |
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Middle Ages AP |
Avicenna c. 980 AD ( Cannon of Medicine) Mainonides 1138-1204 |
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Andreas Vesalius |
De Humani Corporis Fabrica 1514-1657 |
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William Harvey |
1578-1657 On the motion of the blood and heart in animals |
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Grays Anotomy |
1858 |
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Visible human project |
1986 |
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Evolution |
Change in genetic composition of a population of organisms |
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Adaptations |
Due to selective pressures useful features are evolved. |
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Selection pressure |
Something that tends to make a population change genetically |
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Primate adaptations |
Shoulder, thumbs, forward facing eyes, color vision, larger brains |
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Bipedal adaptations |
Pelvis, femur, Knee, Great toe, Skull, Vertebrae |
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Homeostasis |
Stable internal environment described as dynamic equilibrium |
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Negative feedback loops |
Mechanism to keep variable close to its set point 1 stimulus 2 receptor 3 input 4 output 5 response |
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Structures needed for Negative feedback loop |
Receptor: senses change. Integrator: control center Effector: carries out commands of the control center |
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Positive feedback loop |
Self amplifying. Leads to an even greater change in the same direction |
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Hierarchy of complexity |
Atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, system, and organism |
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Germ Theory |
Some diseases are caused by microorganisms |
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Cell theory |
1) All living things are composed of cells and cell products 2) Cells are the fundamental unit of structure and function 3) All cells come from old cells |
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Spontaneous generation Theory |
Disproven theory that non-living things are capable of producing life |
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Which life process, which relies heavily on nutrient inputs from the respiratory and digestive systems, sustains all other life processes?
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Chemical reactions (metabolism) are essential for cells to function and, thus, for the body as a whole to maintain boundaries, move, respond, digest, excrete, grow, and reproduce--all necessary life functions.
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In a homeostatic control mechanism, which component monitors the environment?
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Receptors monitor changes occurring both inside and outside the body and send this information (called input) to control centers for processing.
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definition of metabolism
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includes breaking substances into their simpler building blocks, synthesizing more complex cellular structures from simpler substances, and using nutrients and oxygen to produce ATP.
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Which organ systems function as control systems, communicating with other cells and organs to regulate their activities?
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Communication is accomplished chiefly by the nervous and endocrine systems, the body's control systems.
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With regards to a variation of a physiological value from its set point or normal limit, negative feedback always __________ the value back to the set point or normal limit.
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returns
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Which of the following best defines anatomy?
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Anatomy is the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships with one another.
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Which level of structural organization is considered to be the highest level?
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organismal
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All living organisms maintain an external boundary. Which of the following systems functions only within the body?
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circulatory system
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