Chapter 1

Front 1

Has the misuse by patient or inappropriately prescribed antibiotics in both developed and developing countries led to antibiotic resistance?

Back 1

yes

Front 2

Which factor responsible for emerging infections can be held accountable for the spread of Chagas’ disease?

Back 2

Deforestation

Front 3

Approximately how many people are killed by malaria each year?

Back 3

1 million

Front 4

Which countries have escaped the effects of emerging or reemerging infectious disease?

Back 4

none

Front 5

The current world population is approximately ___________.

Back 5

7 billion

Front 6

Does global warming mostly affect diseases that are carried by humans?

Back 6

No. It affects everything

Front 7

Which disease has the highest likelihood of spread as a result of climate change?

Back 7

malaria

Front 8

Hurricanes and the resultant flooding in the United States may increase _________________ due to mold growth.

Back 8

respiratory infections

Front 9

The major microbial culprit in the Hurricane Katrina disaster was ___________.

Back 9

mold

Front 10

The total population of a country of region is NOT as crucial as its __________________.

Back 10

population density

Front 11

Infectious disease comprised roughly what percentage of the leading causes of death worldwide in 2008?

Back 11

21%

Front 12

Which country is the poorest?

Back 12

Madagascar

Front 13

By 2050, the population of the world is expected to be over ________.

Back 13

9 billion

Front 14

Zoonotic diseases are transmitted from _____________ to _____________.

Back 14

animal to human

Front 15

WHO stands for ___________.

Back 15

World Health Organization

Front 16

Sub-Saharan Africa is home to 68% of the world’s 33.2 million people living with ____________.

Back 16

HIV/AIDS

Front 17

What is the major causing agent of drug resistant bacteria?

Back 17

Repeated and improper use.

Front 18

Which city in 1993 suffered an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis, resulting in illness in approximately 25% of the population?

Back 18

Milwaukee

Front 19

____________ and ____________diseases are the two largest killers of children under the age of five.

Back 19

pnuemonia and diarrheal

Front 20

Urbanization frequently results in poverty. An exception is in _________.

Back 20

Tokyo- Yokohoma

Front 21

Refugees are distinct from IDPs, because refugees cross ____________________.

Back 21

International borders

Front 22

________________ get sick more often than their rural counterparts and people living in poverty are sick more often than affluent populations.

Back 22

City Dwellers

Front 23

According to the CDC, ____________ has resulted in a decline in immunization. About what percent of two-year-olds in the United States have been immunized?

Back 23

complacency

80%

Front 24

Which disease has part of its life cycle in the snail?

Back 24

schistosomiasis

Front 25

Chagas Disease, leishmaniasis, and schistosomiasis are disease that spread due to ______________.

Back 25

deforestation

Front 26

A disease causing bacteria is known as a _____________.

Back 26

pathogen

Front 27

The source that carries the disease is known as the ________________.

Back 27

reservoir

Front 28

The source that transports the disease is called the ______________.

Ex. rat-------flea-------human

Back 28

vector

Front 29

Who warned of unchecked population growth?

Back 29

Malthus

Front 30

In the United States, by 2050 estimates are that people over the age of sixty-five will constitute about what percentage of the population?

Back 30

not predictable

Front 31

The construction of the Central Railroad in Brazil led to an increase in ____________.

Back 31

Chagas Disease

Front 32

________________ is not a re-emerging disease.

Back 32

common cold

Front 33

What disease has been shown to most conclusively be linked to climate change?

Back 33

malaria

Front 34

________________ is a food borne illness caused by a microbe.

Back 34

Salmonellosis

Front 35

What disease is can cause infection due to a tattoo?

Back 35

Staphylococci

Front 36

_____________ is a practice used to prevent malaria.

Back 36

bed nets

Front 37

What is the biological vector that carries the pathogen that causes West Nile virus?

Back 37

mosquitos

Front 38

__________ are beneficial and many are essential to the cycles of nature without which higher forms of life could not exist.

Back 38

microbes

Front 39

True or False?

Infectious disease is the leading cause of death in the United States.

Back 39

False

Front 40

Name an infectious disease in the top ten world wide.

Back 40

Influenza

Front 41

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the world's largest urban area is ______________.

Back 41

Tokyo, Japan

Front 42

Give an example of a drag-resistant bacterial disease.

Back 42

zoonotic

Front 43

What does IDP stand for

Back 43

Internally displaced persons

Front 44

Deforestation is a major factor in the eruption of emerging and re-emerging disease.

True or False?

Back 44

True

Front 45

____________ are part of civilizations and some actually predict civilizations.

Back 45

Infections

Front 46

List 5 reasons why infections are emerging and re-emerging.

Back 46

population growth urbanization

deforestation climate change

natural disasters air travel

transfusion of unsafe blood

Microbial evolution and adaption

Antimicrobial resistance

Complacency Migration

hunger/malnutrition poverty

global warming traveling

increased refugees and IDP's

inadequate water crowding in slums

large dam construction and irrigation projects

Front 47

Why was the Aswan Dam a disaster?

Back 47

The walls of the dam provided a habitat for snails. When the population of snails boomed, the result was schistosomiasis. This is a disease caused by a parasitic worm with a complicated life cycle requiring snails for its completion.

Front 48

In some poverty stricken countries the increase of people in the urban area has made it difficult to provide sewage systems and maintain public health infracstructure.

British biologists, John Cairns refers to these cities as _______________.

Back 48

Graveyards of mankind

Front 49

In 1967 the surgeon general of the United States declared it was time to close the book on infectious disease. What was the basis of the surgeon general's remark?

Back 49

The first polio vaccine was introduced in the 1950s and over a span of years it seemed that diseases appeared to almost obsolete. Number of those infected by infectious diseases were dropping rapidly because of vaccinations.

Front 50

How can technilogical advances pose public health risks?

Back 50

Flying (traveling)- an infected traveler could arrive to his destination on the other side of the world before any symptoms show.

blood supply- some countries do not screen blood before giving it to another person.

organ transplant- recipients are on immunsuppressive drugs to minimize organ rejection.

Front 51

What is the correct term for the pathogen that carries the plague (Bubonic)?

Back 51

yersinia pestis

Front 52

What is the reservoir of the plague?

Back 52

rats

Front 53

What is the vector of the plague?

Back 53

flea

Front 54

Could you be infected by the plague if you breathed infected air or came in physical connect with an infected human?

Back 54

yes

Front 55

What is the 2nd leading cause of death world wide?

Back 55

infectious disease

Front 56

There are 7.3 billion people in the world. What percentage live in less developed countries?

Back 56

80%

Front 57

Deforestation can cause the disease leishmaniasis. What is the vector of this disease?

Back 57

sand fly

Front 58

Tell the story of patient 0.

Back 58

see lecture notes

Front 59

Where and how can you get the nosocomial infection?

Back 59

Nosocomial infections are contracted from hospitals.

Too many disease in one area.

Blood/organ transplants

Immunosuppresive therapy

Front 60

What are some societal factors that are the cause of infectious disease?

Back 60

daycare

school

nursing home

food supply

food borne illness